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Apical 4 Chamber Right Heart F
(2005-04-15 18:58:05)

Apical4ChamberRightHeartFlowPatterns
SampleVolume:IntheLeftVentricularInflowtract(LVI)NormalFlow:PrimarilydiastolicAbnormalFinding:Increaseddiastolicvelocityandspectralbroadeningduetotricuspidstenosis.
SampleVolume:IntheRightAtrium(RA)NormalFlow:DiastolicAbnormalFinding:Highvelocityretrogradesystolicflowandspectralbroadeningduetotricuspidregurgitation
'Yourbrowserisnotsetuptorunthisapp...[阅读全文]
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Apical 4 Chamber View Left Hea
(2005-04-15 18:56:53)

Apical4ChamberViewLeftHeartFlowPatterns
SampleVolume:IntheLeftVentricularInflowtract(LVI)NormalFlow:PrimarilydiastolicAbnormalFinding:Increaseddiastolicflowvelocityandspectralbroadeningduetomitralstenosis.
SampleVolume:IntheLeftAtrium(LA)NormalFlow:DiastolicAbnormalFinding:Highvelocityretrogradesystolicflowandspectralbroadeningdueto
mitralregurgitation.[阅读全文]
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Pulsed Wave Doppler
(2005-04-15 18:55:46)

PulsedWaveDoppler
Ingeneral,flowcanberecordedinanyviewthatallowsvisualizationoftheflowarea.Asweknow,though,thehighestvelocitymeasurementsandthestrongestDopplersignalsoccurwhenflow,intheselectedsamplingarea,isparalleltotheultrasoundbeam.Flowthroughvarioussamplinglocationsisessentiallyparalleltotheultrasoundbeaminthefollowingtwo-dimensionalviews:
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Cardiac Flow Velocities
(2005-04-15 18:55:00)

CardiacFlowVelocities
*L.HatleandB.Angelsen,DopplerUltrasoundinCardiology,p.72(Philadelphia:Lea&Febiger,1982).
Thefollowingpagescontainexamplesofnormalflowpatternsrecordedbypulsedwaveandcontinuouswavetechniques.Alongwitheachexample,isaschematicrepresentationofthesamplinglocation,andanindicationofthetimingofnormalflow.Notethattheseareapproximatesamplingsites.Whensearchingforthehighestve...[阅读全文]
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Normal Flow in An Apical Five-
(2005-04-15 18:54:10)

NormalFlowinAnApicalFive-ChamberView
Positioningofthetransduceratthepointofmaximumimpulsehelpsobtainanapicalfour-chamberview.Asomewhatsuperiorangulationofthetransducervisualizestheaorticrootinadditiontobothatriaandventricles.Inthisview,referredtoasanapicalfive-chamberview,orienttheultrasoundbeamparalleltoflowinthefollowingareas:leftatrium(LA),leftventricularinflowtract(LVIT),leftventricularout...[阅读全文]
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The Left Heart
(2005-04-15 18:53:20)

TheLeftHeart
Freshlyoxygenatedbloodreturnstotheleftheartviathepulmonaryveins,whichempty,intotheleftatrium.Flowthenproceedsformtheleftatriumthroughthemitralvalvetotheleftventricleduringdiastole.Insystole,theleftventriclepumpsbloodthroughtheaorticvalveintothesystemiccirculation.
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Introduction : The Right Heart
(2005-04-15 18:52:13)

Introduction:TheRightHeart
Bloodflowenterstheheartfromthevenouscirculationthroughthevenacava,whichemptiesintotherightatrium.Flowthenproceedsfromtherightatrium,throughthetricuspidvalvetotherightventricleduringdiastole.Systolicflowoccurswithbloodejectionfromtherightventriclethroughthepulmonicvalvetothemainpulmonaryartery.Therightandleftpulmonaryarteriesthencarrythebloodtothelungs.
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10
(2005-04-15 18:47:47)
Summary
Dopplerechocardiographyaddsadynamicdimensiontoimagingtheheart.ThevariousformsofDoppler(PW,CW,andcolor)provideinformationonthevelocityofflowinaselectedareaoralongabeampath.CorrelatingthetimingoftheECGandphysiologiceventsallowsfordeterminationofflowdirection(relativetothetransducer)andthedeterminationofflownormalcy.Transducerpositionsandsamplinglocationsdeterminethedisplaydirectiononthez...[阅读全文]
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9
(2005-04-15 18:47:01)

TheNextStep
Oncenormalflowpatternsareunderstood,thenextstepistodeterminewhetheranyabnormalitiesarepresent.QuestionstoaskwhenevaluatingaDopplerspectrumforabnormalities:Whichmethodwasusedtorecordtheflowinformation:pulsedwaveorcontinuouswaveDoppler?Whattransducerpositionwasused?Wherewithintheheartwasthesamplevolume(pulsedwaveDoppler)ortheultrasoundbeam(continuouswaveDoppler)positioned?Fromthissam...[阅读全文]
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8
(2005-04-15 18:45:49)

ContinuousWaveDoppler:SuprasternalNotchTransducerPostion

CWBeamintheAscendingAorta
CWBeam:IntheAscendingAortaNormalFlow:SystolicAbnormalFindings:Increasedsystolicflowvelocityandspectralbroadeningduetoaorticorsubaorticstenosis.Retrogradediastolicflowduetoaorticinsufficiency.

CWBeamintheDescendingAorta
CWBeam:IntheDescendingAortaNormalFlow:Systolic...[阅读全文]
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