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bbbbb
(2005-06-02 19:26:32)

CardiacTumorsAlthoughdiagnosedinfrequently,cardiactumorsoftenareincludedinthedifferentialdiagnosisofcardiacproblemsbecauseoftheirproteanclinicalmanifestations.Cardiactumorsmaybeintracavitaryorintramural,andthelocationdeterminestheirechocardiographicappearance.IntracavitarytumorsappearassessileormobileechodensitiesattachedtothemuralendocardiumwhileintramuraltumorsappearaslocalizedthickeningoftheLVw...[阅读全文]
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bbbb
(2005-06-02 19:25:40)

CardiacMasses,Thrombi,andTumorsNormalVariantsandMassesofUncertainSignificanceWhenanabnormallylocalizedaccumulationofdensereflectancesappearsontheechocardiogram,itissaidtorepresentamass.Echocardiographicmassesmaybecausedbytechnicalartifactsoranomalousstructures,buttheyareofgreatestsignificanceinrepresentingtruelesionsoftheheartsuchastumors,thrombi,andvegetations.Echocardiographyistheprocedureofchoi...[阅读全文]
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bbb
(2005-06-02 19:24:49)

CongenitalHeartDiseaseEchocardiographicIdentificationofCongenitalCardiacAnomalies2DandDopplerechocardiographyhashadamajorimpactonthediagnosisandmanagementofpatientswithcongenitalheartdisease(Chaps.63and64).Fromisolatedcongenitallesionstocomplex,extensivecardiacmalformations,echocardiographicimaging(oftenwithintravenouscontrastinjection)isusuallysufficienttodelineatecardiacanatomy.TEEisanimportanta...[阅读全文]
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bb
(2005-06-02 19:23:42)

TheCardiomyopathiesTheevaluationofcardiomyopathyiscomplicatedbythefactthatfewspecificdiagnosticcriteriaexist,andidentificationisoftenaprocessofexclusion.Further,manypotentialetiologiesmayberesponsibleforthemyopathicprocess,anditmaybepossibletoidentifyaspecificetiologyinonlytheminorityofpatients.Accordingly,adiagnosticstrategyhasevolvedthatinitiallyseekstoplacepatientsintooneofthreepathophysiologic...[阅读全文]
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b
(2005-06-02 19:22:28)

IschemicHeartDiseaseEchocardiographyinCoronaryHeartDiseaseAlthoughoriginallyofgreatestvalueinvalvularheartdiseaseandcardiomyopathy,echocardiographyhasnowbecomeoneofthemostimportanttechniquesforthedetectionandquantitativeassessmentofmyocardialischemiaandinfarction.Cardiacultrasound—becauseitisrapid,portable,noninvasive,andinexpensive—isespeciallywellsuitedtotheevaluationofischemicheartdisease.Alt...[阅读全文]
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a
(2005-06-02 19:21:05)

ProstheticCardiacValvesEchocardiographyisacriticallyimportanttoolintheevaluationandserialfollow-upofmechanicalandbioprostheticvalves.Unfortunately,theincreasedechoreflectivityofprostheticvalves(especiallythemechanicalmodels)causesextensivedistalshadowingandreverberationsthatmarkedlylimittheutilityoftransthoracic2Dechocardiography(Figs.15–91and15–92).TTEimagingmaydetectpartialringdehiscencemanife...[阅读全文]
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aaaaaaa
(2005-06-02 19:19:40)

Right-SidedValvularDiseaseandPulmonaryHypertensionPulmonicValveMajorstructuralabnormalitiesofthePVarerelativelyrare.Pulmonicstenosis(PS)isusuallycongenitalinoriginandresemblescongenitalASinmanyrespects.Thestenoticvalvedoesnotopenfullyandexhibitscharacteristicthickeningandsystolicdomingon2Dimaging(Fig.15–85).M-moderecordingsofthePVoftenshowalargeawave,sinceRVdiastolicpressureisoftensohighandPApres...[阅读全文]
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aaaaaa
(2005-06-02 19:17:32)

DiseasesoftheMitralValveMitralStenosisDetectionofmitralstenosis(MS)wasoneoftheearliestclinicalapplicationsofechocardiography159(seeChap.67).Inmostindividuals,theMVleafletsareeasilyvisualizedandyieldthinlinearechoesthatexhibitwidebipeakedexcursionsastheyopeninearlyandlatediastole.26Thecharacteristic2DultrasoundfindingsofMSareseenclearlyinnearlyallpatientswiththisdisorder.160TheMVleafletsarethickene...[阅读全文]
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aaaaa
(2005-06-02 19:14:53)

DiseasesoftheAorticValveandAortaAorticStenosisTheaorticvalveisbestimagedintheparasternalviews.138Theleafletsarethin,linearstructures.Allthreecanbevisualizedintheshort-axisviewandproduceatriangularorificeduringsystolicopening.Thelong-axisviewexhibitstherightandusuallythenoncoronaryleaflets,whichnormallyopentothewallsoftheaorta.Mildthickeningandreductionofmobilityisoftenobservedintheelderly(aorticsc...[阅读全文]
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aaaa
(2005-06-02 19:13:35)

ContrastEchocardiographyOpacificationoftherightheartcavitieswithdenseultrasonicreflectancesduringintravenouscontrastinjectionwasfirstappliedclinicallyin1968.123Subsequently,itbecameclearthattheoriginofthedenseintracavitaryechoesweremicrobubbleswithintheinjectate,andthatanyagitatedliquidinjectedintravenouslycausedtheeffect.124Sinceroom-airmicrobubbleswiththediameterofpulmonarycapillariespersistinta...[阅读全文]
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