不忍淬读基们的外行话，现科普1下统计分析的基本知识

不忍淬读基们的外行话，现科普1下统计分析的基本知识 统计分析中呢, 所谓 vertical vs. horizontal 是纯粹的外行话, 一般稍微受过点训练的, 都知道说 time-series vs. cross-sectional. Time-series 描述的是变量在时间序列上的变化, 比如股票的价格. Cross-sectional 研究的是变量在不同 section 之间的变化, 比如不同板块指数的相互关联。 金融经济学中, time-series 的应用最为广泛。 定量经济学中， 特别是经济政策的研究， 经常是 time-series 同 cross-sectional 结合起来, 即所谓 panel data 分析.　统计调查呢，一般是cross-sectional ，也有用 panel data 的，比如不同收入水平的消费者在不同时期购买行为的变化等。 说信仰和道德负相关呢，是建立在统计分析的基础上的几项研究结果。基们如果不相信， 那就现在开始绝食祷告， 希望 Sevant 等能google 出不同的事实 … According to the Skeptic magazine vol.6 #2 1998, in multiple studies, there is a negative correlation between theism and morality. By Franzblau's 1934 study, there's a negative correlation between religiousity and honesty. Ross 1950 shows atheists and agnostics are more likely to express their willingness to help the poor than the deeply religious. 1969 Hirschi and Stark found no correlation in lawbreaking by churchgoing children and non-churchgoing children. 再帮基们1个忙， 提供Franzblau 1934年的研究文摘，具体的论文/数据，应该能在LEXIS-NEXIS上找到. 这算是偶布置给基们的作业了 (虽然偶知道. 以基们懒于思考不求甚解的态度, 真下手去找的可能性, 微乎其微 …) Franzblau, A. N. 1934. “Religious Belief and Character among Jewish Adolescents.” Teachers College Contributions to Education p. 80. Abstract: 701 students aged 12 to 16 years were given a battery of character tests, intelligence tests, and religious tests. The findings show that maturity measures (intelligence, age, etc.) are negatively related to the acceptance of religious beliefs, as are all measures of honesty and character. None of the evidence which was found supports the principle, fundamental in most religions, that acceptance of the traditional religious dogmas is creative of superior character. The "Religious Ideas Test" and the "Confession and Reporting Blank" developed for the study are given, together with the data on their validity and reliability. The bibliography lists 32 titles. [Source: PI]