一个汽车需要多少稀土金属

???? 1. Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) Vehicles

Rare earths mainly used in:

• Catalytic converters (Ce, La)

• Sensors and electronics (Nd, Y)

• Small motors (mirrors, seat adjusters)

Typical total:
~0.3 0.5 kg of rare earth oxides (REO)
0.2 0.3 kg of rare earth metals

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? 2. Hybrid Vehicles (HEV, e.g., Toyota Prius)

Rare earths mainly used in:

• Permanent magnet motors (NdFeB + Dy)

• NiMH battery (La, Ce, Nd, Pr)

• Catalysts electronics

Typical total:
~1.0 1.5 kg of REO
0.7 1.0 kg of metals

???? Example:
Toyota Prius motor magnet alone contains about 1 kg of NdFeB magnet, which equals roughly:

• 0.30.4 kg Nd

• 0.050.1 kg Dy

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???? 3. Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV, e.g., Tesla, BYD, Polestar)

Depends on motor type:

• Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) uses Nd, Pr, Dy, Tb

• Induction motor (AC) minimal rare earths (e.g., Tesla Model S early models)

Typical total (for PMSM EVs):
2 5 kg REO per car
1.5 3.0 kg rare earth metals

Breakdown (approx. for 100 kW motor):

Element	Approx. weight (g)
Neodymium (Nd)	1,000 1,500
Praseodymium (Pr)	200 400
Dysprosium (Dy)	100 200
Terbium (Tb, optional)	0 50