正文
Safety is defined as freedom from risk. If we avoid, reduce or eliminate risk we are safer.
It is important to realize that safety is relative. Eliminating all risk, would be extremely difficult and very expensive. When something is called safe, this usually means that it is safe within certain reasonable limits and parameters.(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safety)
美国公路安全保险协会（Insurance Institute for Highway Safety）测试类型最丰富是世界安全标准中最严格的，也是北美各保险公司依据的标准，除了基本的测试之外，IIHS还时常会进行一些特殊的碰撞，比如会进行车辆的对撞来评测安全性能，以及128km/h的时速撞向不可移动固体墙，但这也遭到了部分厂商的不满。正面碰撞测试,速度为64.4km/h； 侧面碰撞测试速度为49.8km/h
公车线路会覆盖所有繁忙路段（限速60km/h或50,40），所以我经常第一时间路过交通事故现场。T-Bone 碰撞形式居多，正面碰撞路冲房子，追尾或撞在树上属于打瞌睡或分心驾驶。现代各种车辆相对安全致死率较低是基于市内行驶条件，可通过防御性驾驶解决。
在实际交通事故中，并不一定按照理想碰撞测试条件进行。通常恶性交通事故只有出现死亡才会在新闻中看到，下列情况对司机致命而司机又无法控制：
1. 两车迎头对撞， 实际车速为两车速之和超过100KM/H。 车辆安全测试标准Euro NCAP 车辆测试速度 侧撞40KM/h，前撞64KM/H。从以下罗列新闻可看出：Unibody很大概率车毁人亡，Body-on-frame 型truck 人员基本安全。Head On Collisions https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FVoSp1SjrCw
2. 在高速公路上出爆胎事故，可能引起火烧车。原因是高速出车祸车体严重变形造成油箱破裂而Body-on-frame 型truck基本能预防此类油箱破裂事故，因为底盘的frame根本不会变形。Frame rails 最弱的C-shaped thickness from 1/8" to 3/16" 前几年我曾见过美国大雪暴后高速公路上车祸照片两辆 truck trailer 分别撞向一辆皮卡两侧， 皮卡上部完全变形司机只受擦伤。
总之，Body-on-frame型SUV是最安全的车(与皮卡共用相同底盘)。而且几百公斤重FRAME 可保证车重心低，不易侧翻。万一有不可避免的事故，只要刹车减速人体向车中心靠，伤亡几率大大降低。
北美可买到的Body-on-frame 型 SUV见 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body-on-frame
保险公司很现实， 保费赔付人受伤费用占比例最大，所以Body-on-frame型SUV(truck)保费最低。当然保险公司根本不解释原因。
从汽车2019年1月加拿大销量数据也可看出消费者渐渐明白真正什么车型是安全车
passenger car 27,084 light truck 81,690 注：所有Body-on-frame车都叫truck
以下罗列新闻均可google 查到，车祸现场照片更直观大家可自行搜索
1.
1死6伤，长岛发生重大车祸，全是中国人
悲剧！15日上午约8时30分，一名36岁司机醉酒驾车，于长岛格林港(Greenport)48号公路上与相反方向的一辆面包车(Minivan)相撞，致面包车上的华裔女司机伤重不治身亡，6名华裔女乘客受伤。
16日，长岛绍斯霍尔德镇(Southold Town)警方指出，死者和6名乘客均来自皇后区法拉盛，车祸造成其中2名乘客身体多处骨折、大出血，所幸目前没有生命危险。
长岛36岁司机醉驾逆行，与一辆面包车相撞，导致华裔女性1死6伤。
长岛36岁司机醉驾逆行，与一辆面包车相撞，导致华裔女性1死6伤。
司机涉嫌酒驾
根据警方报告显示，肇事司机为36岁的萨勒斯基(Glenn Zaleski)，其醉酒后仍然驾驶皮卡车沿格林港48号公路东向行驶，约在当日上午8时30分，与相反方向的一辆面包车相撞。两车相撞后，导致面包车严重变形，车内包括司机和乘客在内的7人受伤。
2. Man, 74, dead after head-on crash in Milton
Codi Wilson, CTV News Toronto
Published Thursday, February 8, 2018 5:29AM EST
Published Thursday, February 8, 2018 5:29AM EST
A Rockwood man is dead after a head-on crash in rural Milton Wednesday evening.
The driver of the SUV, a 74 year-old man from Rockwood was pronounced dead at the scene following the 5:26 p.m. two-vehicle collision with a Toyota Tacoma pick-up truck on Guelph Line between McLaren and Limestone roads, south of Campbellville.
The SUV was traveling north on Guelph Line when it collided with a southbound Toyota pick-up according to police. The SUV left the road and came to rest on it's roof approximately 10 feet off the roadway in a ditch.
The driver of the pick-up, a 51 year-old man from Cambellville was transported to Milton District Hospital with non-life-threatening injuries.
3. One person dead in collision at Trafalgar Road and White Oaks Blvd
Halton police say one person is dead following a traffic accident at the intersection of Trafalgar Road and White Oaks Boulevard this morning (Friday).
Officers said the two-vehicle collision took place at around 11 a.m.
They said the deceased was the driver of one of the vehicles.
The occupant of the other vehicle was not injured.
UPDATE: Crash victim 85-year-old Oakville man in SUV with a truck
4.
OAKVILLE -- The eastbound Queen Elizabeth Way has reopened following a fiery crash that killed two and injured another Tuesday night.
The roadway had been closed overnight and through the day for investigation into the four-vehicle crash and for repair, including repaving.
The OPP says two trucks and two vehicles were involved in the crash in the Toronto-bound lanes of the highway near Trafalgar Rd. The two killed were in an SUV and the driver of one of the tractor trailers was treated for minor injuries.
Const. Tracey Lacarte said one truck was an empty flatbed and the other was a tractor-trailer believed to be hauling car parts that burst into flames after the impact just after 9 p.m.
5. Oregon State Police (OSP) troopers are continuing the investigation into Wednesday afternoon's two vehicle fatal traffic crash that resulted in the death of a 44-year old woman at an intersection five miles northeast of Pendleton. The victim's name is released in this update.
According to Lieutenant Greg Sherman, on February 27, 2013 at approximately 3:15 p.m., a 1994 GMC pickup driven by STEVEN ELUMBAUGH, age 31, from Pendleton, was northbound on Campbell Road and pulled into the path of a 2000 Honda Civic traveling westbound on Fulton Road. The Honda crashed into the passenger side of the pickup and both vehicles came to rest on the west side of Campbell Road.
The Honda's driver, MARY ANN WOOD, age 44, from Pendleton, was pronounced deceased at the scene.
ELUMBAUGH was examined at the scene by medical responders and was not transported to a hospital.
Both drivers were using safety restraints.
According to Lieutenant Greg Sherman, on February 27, 2013 at approximately 3:15 p.m., a 1994 GMC pickup driven by STEVEN ELUMBAUGH, age 31, from Pendleton, was northbound on Campbell Road and pulled into the path of a 2000 Honda Civic traveling westbound on Fulton Road. The Honda crashed into the passenger side of the pickup and both vehicles came to rest on the west side of Campbell Road.
The Honda's driver, MARY ANN WOOD, age 44, from Pendleton, was pronounced deceased at the scene.
ELUMBAUGH was examined at the scene by medical responders and was not transported to a hospital.
Both drivers were using safety restraints.
6. Car in deadly Port Credit crash 'exploded'
A car was torn apart following single car fatal collision along Lakeshore Rd E. near Stavebank Rd. in Mississauga, Ont. on Saturday, March 30, 2019
The Honda Civic came flying across the bridge over the Credit River around 2:30 a.m. like a rocket taking off. The driver, despite frantic paramedic and emergency room attempts to save him, was killed in this disturbing wipeout.
“The car was heading east when it hit two poles and several other things including a building,” said Marttini. “The driver was ejected from the car because there was no car left.”It is believed the car may have been travelling at upwards of 160 km/hr.
A car was torn apart following single car fatal collision along Lakeshore Rd E. near Stavebank Rd. in Mississauga, Ont. on Saturday, March 30, 2019
The Honda Civic came flying across the bridge over the Credit River around 2:30 a.m. like a rocket taking off. The driver, despite frantic paramedic and emergency room attempts to save him, was killed in this disturbing wipeout.
“The car was heading east when it hit two poles and several other things including a building,” said Marttini. “The driver was ejected from the car because there was no car left.”It is believed the car may have been travelling at upwards of 160 km/hr.
https://bbs.wenxuecity.com/auto/362518.html
此文请一起阅读专业深入分析，非常值得推荐。可惜图片看不到
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body-on-frame
SUV
Cadillac Escalade (ESV)
Chevrolet Suburban
Chevrolet Tahoe
Ford Expedition (EL)
GMC Yukon (XL)
Infiniti QX80
Jeep Wrangler (Unlimited)
Lexus GX
Lexus LX
Lincoln Navigator (L)
Mercedes-Benz G-Class
Nissan Armada
Toyota 4Runner
Toyota Land Cruiser
Toyota Sequoia
最典型的例子是school bus 设计几十年了几乎很少变化连安全带都没有装。不论大小全部卡车底盘。其安全测试是用火车撞击。套用官方解释
Transport Canada has not deemed seat belts to be mandatory, and basically their rationale is that the school bus safety record is so excellent," said David Carroll, Legislation and Safety Consultant to the Ontario School Bus Association (OSBA). "A child is 16 times safer riding to school in a school bus than riding to school in a family car."
https://www.theglobeandmail.com/globe-drive/culture/commuting/why-school-buses-dont-need-seatbelts/article23175936/