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Japan's Former Prime Minister Yasuo Fukuda Talks about U.S. Anti globalization
日本前首相福田康夫 人类命运共同体理念让所有人幸福
作者 福田康夫 2018年04月09日05:28 人民日报
http://world.people.com.cn/n1/2018/0409/c1002-29913022.html
人类只有一个地球，各国共处一个世界。国际社会日益成为一个你中有我、我中有你的“命运共同体”，面对世界经济的复杂形势和全球性问题，任何国家都不可能独善其身。
习近平主席提出的人类命运共同体理念旨在让全世界所有人都幸福。“一带一路”建设便是一项具体行动，通过促进各国合作，实现共赢共享发展。“一带一路”建设以共商、共建、共享为原则，让所有参与国，乃至全世界都能从中受益，增进所有国家人民的福祉。从这个意义上讲，“一带一路”是具有跨时代意义、非常了不起的倡议。作为邻国，日本理所当然应该加入到“一带一路”倡议之中，并与中国合作一起造福各国人民。
习近平主席提出的人类命运共同体理念、“一带一路”倡议、新型国际关系理论是紧密相连的有机整体。随着中国不断发展，我一直期待着习近平主席就国际关系发表清晰明确的看法，令人高兴的是，他提出了新型国际关系理论。倡导相互尊重、公平正义、合作共赢的新型国际关系理论贯穿了人类命运共同体理念，以实现持久和平、共同繁荣的人类梦想作为最终目标。对于习主席提出的新型国际关系理论，我举双手赞成。
如今，中国在很多领域进步飞速，直逼美国，令美国颇有压力感。这与日本曾经经历过的情形非常相似。上世纪80年代，日本对美国有很大的贸易顺差，在被迫与美国签订“广场协议”后，日元在短时间内迅速升值。这种剧烈变化也对日本的市场、产业、经济等各个方面产生了巨大的负面影响。中国应该吸取日本的惨痛教训，提高警惕，谨慎行事。
现在中国不仅对美国，对很多国家都有贸易盈余。这说明中国在全球化体系中发展得很好，说明中国企业抓住了全球化的本质，获得了利益。全球化是什么？全球化就是以低的价格生产质量好的产品。各国人民都喜欢物美价廉的产品，能生产物美价廉产品的国家贸易盈余自然就会增加。如今美国的贸易赤字，一部分原因就是中国物美价廉的商品深受美国人民喜爱。在深受贸易赤字困扰的同时，美国更应该反省的是本国的生产模式。
贸易保护主义的危害和自由贸易的重要性不言而喻。当前，世界各国都非常担心贸易保护主义抬头的倾向。中国和美国早已是密不可分的合作伙伴。美国有很多产业依赖从中国进口的产品，与此同时，美国也有诸如农业等不少严重依赖中国市场的产业。特朗普政府急于求成，采取贸易保护主义措施，可能暂时缓解美国的贸易赤字，但如果不改变美国的产业结构，就无法从根本上解决贸易赤字问题。相信美国国内会有越来越多的声音要求特朗普政府停止目前的贸易保护措施，美国政府应该及时进行政策调整。
中国的不断发展，给世界各国带来了大量发展机遇。与此同时，也有一些国家对中国强大后会走向何方表示担忧。在关键时刻，习近平主席提出构建人类命运共同体、新型国际关系，向全世界宣示了中国坚持走和平发展道路的决心——中国无论发展到什么程度，永远不称霸，永远不搞扩张。习近平主席的外交思想对于打消国际社会的担忧具有重要意义。
去年10月，习近平总书记在中共十九大发表了非常精彩的报告，不仅对中国未来发展描绘了方向，还为解决世界问题贡献了中国方案。国际社会希望能进一步听到中国的看法与主张，此次博鳌亚洲论坛年会就是一个非常重要的机会。相信通过媒体的客观准确报道，世界各国将会越来越了解中国。
（作者为博鳌亚洲论坛理事长、日本前首相）
《 人民日报 》（ 2018年04月09日 21 版）
Former Japanese Prime Minister Yasuo Fukuda Talks about U.S. Anti-globalization: Extended Domestic Issues
The Boao Forum for Asia 2018 will be opened on April 8th. The theme of this year's annual meeting is “Open and Innovative Asia, a Prosperous and Developed World”. Four major sections are set up: “Globalization and the Belt and Road Initiative”, “Open Asia”, “Innovation” and “Re-starting the Reform”. Recently, the Forum’s chairman and former Japanese Prime Minister Yasuo Fukuda accepted an exclusive interview with his office in Tokyo and discussed the relevant topics of the forum and his expectations for the future gaming mechanism. He also published 40 years of achievements and experiences in China’s reform and opening up. view.
"One Belt and One Road" relationship peace and stability in the region
"Reference News": In 2015, the Boao Forum used the theme of "Asia's New Future: A Community of Destiny". This year’s theme “Open and Innovative Asia, a Prosperous and Prospering World” is in line with one another. Do you think that current Asian countries are making progress in the construction of a "fate community," or in terms of cooperation and opening up? What kind of problem is it facing?
Fukuda: It is the common ideal of mankind to build a world where there is no dispute and all countries are developed and all people are happy. Translating this ideal into reality requires political leaders to look far ahead and point the way, and do their utmost to put it into action. China’s initiative to establish a community of human destiny is based on this idea, and China has the ability to practice. It is hoped that all countries will work together towards this vision. On the issue of building a fate community, common development and common prosperity are important issues. We hope that China will put forward various policies including diplomacy. While developing in China, it will also enable other countries in the region to achieve development. This is very important.
"Reference News": "Globalization and the Belt and Road Initiative" is a major topic of the 2018 Boao Forum to be opened soon. How do you see the significance of the "One Belt and One Road" for Asian countries? In your opinion, what is the enthusiasm of Japan and other Asian countries to participate in this concept?
Yasuo Fukuda: The "Belt and Road Initiative" is an extension and expansion of the former Silk Road. The countries concerned should all like to see it. For the world, it is also expected to become an opportunity for dialogue and consultation in the economic field and environmental protection field to promote the free flow of materials, talent, and information. This is not just a huge economic circle, but also a region that is related to peace and stability in the world. This construction has just begun and the world is paying attention to how it will develop. In my opinion, to advance this concept and make it successful, it needs to fully consult with relevant countries and at the same time meet the interests of these countries. In the area of ??negotiation and common development, the "One Belt and One Road" initiative is similar to the concept of "fate community." I think all Asian countries are willing to participate. It is hoped that all countries will let other countries understand their own ideas and difficulties in the dialogue and try their best to cooperate on this basis. This is the same as making friends. Friends can also have a good relationship with each other, but they can cross the stakes before they can truly be called friends.
"One Belt and One Road" straddles Eurasia and hopes not to forget Japan. Japan is very concerned about how China will lead this construction. I think Japan should participate in this idea and try its best to provide cooperation. Japan also has a lot of experience and may wish to use it. There are various possibilities for the development of the “Belt and Road” initiative. I am very much looking forward to this and I hope that this will be the driving force behind the Asian countries’ maintenance of peaceful relations.
"China's Open Door to the World"
"Reference News": The Boao Forum in 2018 is also your last Boao Forum to serve as Chairman. How do you view the achievements of this mechanism so far, and how do you think the role of this mechanism should be better played in the future?
Yasuo Fukuda: At the very beginning, the Boao Forum was an Asian country that decided to gather together to solve problems through negotiation. Its significance has continued to change and develop since then. This year is already the 18th session. Now as a platform for public opinions and exchanges of opinions, it has very significant significance and has also promoted the progress of globalization in China and regional countries. China has made great efforts to this end. I am grateful for this.
In addition, for China, this is China's open door to the world and it is free to express its opinions here. This mechanism currently includes 27 Asian countries such as Japan, China and South Korea, and Australia and New Zealand. Together they are larger than the North American economic circle and the EU economic circle. Asia power must not be underestimated. It is hoped that the role of this forum mechanism will be fully utilized in the future, and at the same time, it will be a more diversified, more effective and globally influential mechanism to promote the full play of "Asian forces."
"Reference News": There are some "anti-globalization" phenomena in the world. For example, the United States has implemented trade protection policies such as tariff measures. How should Asian countries respond to them in the future?
Yasuo Fukuda: The United States has a series of moves. Perhaps this is an extension or result of domestic issues. We do not comment on the domestic politics of the United States, but we know that this runs counter to the current world trend. We expect the United States to recognize and correct these trends. We should strengthen our own ideas in the future and continue to cooperate with all countries in the world. It is also in this period that Asian countries should carefully negotiate on economic cooperation. The negotiations on the regional comprehensive economic partnership agreement (RCEP) are also progressing and may be reached earlier. In short, it is important to conduct dialogues and consultations. It is of utmost importance not to talk to each other without knowing each other’s thoughts and adjusting while talking.
China is a reference rather than an imitation
"Reference News": This year China has ushered in the 40th anniversary of reform and opening up. How do you think reform and opening up have played a role in China's development? What are the areas that have made you most impressed?
Yasuo Fukuda: With regard to reform and opening up, I first pay tribute to Mr. Deng Xiaoping for starting this policy. He is the flag bearer of reform and opening up. After he announced this policy, he also visited Japan, and he demanded that Japan support China's development. Japan also did its best to respond. In the past 40 years, the fruits of reform and opening up have been enormous. China has become the second largest economy in the world, and its influence in various fields has been improved.
I am particularly impressed with the speed with which China is developing. I used to say that I was astonished by the rapid speed of high-speed rail in China, and the overall speed of China's development is high-speed rail. I visit China every year and feel that China’s urban appearance is well-organized year after year. I think this is also a sign that the Chinese people are becoming more confident and confident. At this point, there is no difference between China and developed countries.
In addition, I participated in a number of bilateral dialogues between Japan and China or multilateral dialogues including Japan and China. Every time I felt that Chinese participants constantly had new ideas and consciousness continued to develop. This should be based on self-confidence and self-confidence in economic development and overall national strength. And China always thinks very hard about the direction of future development and how to do it. President Xi’s initiative is also a fitting expression of China’s hope for vigorous development.
"Reference News": In your opinion, what is the difference between China's reform and opening up and other countries' open policies? Is China's experience likely to be a reference for other countries?
Yasuo Fukuda: I think that China’s reform and opening up has borrowed well from the development experience of the developed countries. This kind of reference is not imitation but a combination of national conditions. In some emerging fields, China is still walking in front of the developed countries. Such as smart phone related industries, e-commerce industry.
China is now a smart-phone society. Smartphones are very popular and anything can be solved with smart phones. In this regard, Japan’s mid-stream pause has led to lags, while China’s development has been rapid and straightforward. Now China's mobile payment methods can also be used in many places in Japan. Japan also learns from China's shared bicycles.
Everyone should learn from each other and use them together. For developing countries, China’s experience is also a very good reference. Many countries want to learn from China, such as the rationalization of industrial structure, measures to deal with globalization, and so on. Therefore, it is also hoped that China will realize these countries that are eager to learn from China and let them gain the right experience and avoid detours.
Need to prevent the gap between the rich and the poor from widening
"Reference News": Do you think that China needs to focus on what issues to deepen reforms and expand its opening up? What lessons are worth reviewing?
Yasuo Fukuda: Just as China has proposed the goal of the human destiny community, it is not enough for the country to develop good thinking. Instead, it should develop together with other countries and share its achievements with other countries. All countries should always have this kind of consciousness, and at the national level, they should also begin to establish such awareness. All other countries including China, Japan, and Asia should think so. Not only oneself but also others, not only the country but also the world, and China, which has become the world's second-largest economy, has taken such a stand. It is also believed that this belief is based on the belief that China has put forward the goal of building a community of destiny as a direction to improve the lives of its citizens and introduce foreign diplomacy.
China's rapid development is blameless. However, it is also true that the speed of development is both favorable and disadvantageous. It is the same for all countries. In the process of development in developed countries, such lessons have also been learned. Some people have failed to catch up, or they have fallen from the "high-speed train of development." If China can introduce policies and measures to prevent the widening of the gap between the rich and the poor, and strive to get more happiness for each and every citizen, it is an ideal development model. Now that the Chinese government is also working on this, such as vigorously developing places, I believe it will progress smoothly.
(Editor: DF075)
福田康夫_百度百科
https://baike.baidu.com/item/福田康夫
福田康夫（Fukuda Yasuo），1936年7月16日生于群马县高崎市，是日本前首相福田赳夫的长子。1959年自早稻田大学政治经济学部毕业，后在石油公司供职；1976年，从石油公司辞职，开始担任议员秘书；次年被任命为首相秘书官。54岁时首次当选众议院议员，共当选6次，2000年10月开始在森喜朗内阁和小泉内阁担任官房长官，2004年5月7日他因未交纳养老保险金而失信于民，2008年9月1日晚召开记者会宣布辞职，从而结束了他近一年的执政生涯。
他主张政治改革从每一个政治家自身做起，在政策方面以稳健著称。
职员生活使他练就了周全的判断力、平衡感觉。他作风沉稳，出言谨慎，为人谦虚。福田康夫在担任官房长官时发表的“修改无核三原则”的言论曾一度引发风波。
正式访华
2007年的最后三天，日本首相福田康夫同夫人贵代子访华。贵代子访问在北京的日本人学校，参观中日青年动漫展等，活动安排之密集并不逊于丈夫。
福田夫人以首相夫人身份访华并独自开展活动，其政治色彩是不容忽略的。在北京日本人学校，贵代子称赞孩子们在与中国孩子的交往中为增进双方友谊做出的贡献，她的这一表态无疑为福田首相加强双方青少年友好交往和相互理解、以实现日中世代友好的表态作了有力的注脚。 福田夫人在此次访华过程中的活动，让人不由想到安倍夫人2006年随丈夫、时任首相安倍晋三访华时的情形。日本的首相夫人们将以她们独有的女性魅力在中日两国友好关系发展的历史上写下亮丽的一笔。
秘密访华
2014年7月27日，日本前首相福田康夫秘密访问了北京，并与中国国家主席习近平举行了会谈。福田很可能担当了安倍首相的特使的使命，为2014年11月出席北京APEC会议实现日中首脑会谈做水面下的斡旋。 [5]
安倍政府不断向中方抛出“橄榄枝”，高调呼吁中日两国举行首脑会谈。但另一方面却处处拿中国说事，将中国视为“威胁”。福田计划转达安倍呼吁中方接受对话请求的想法。 [5]
实际上，福田在担任日本首相时就显示出重视中国的姿态，并在中国拥有广泛的人脉。福田退任后，仍然频繁访问中 国近20次。对于陷入冷却的中日、日韩关系，福田康夫表示光靠官员和民间人士无法修复，必须由政治领导人碰面协商解决问题。
会谈访华
2014年10月29日在北京与习近平会谈的日本前首相福田康夫成为中日媒体关注的焦点。
在中国看来，二战后所形成的国际秩序正是防止日本再度军国主义化的有力约束。失去这一体系的约束，日本就有可能再度进行军事扩张，危及整个亚太地区的和平与稳定。因此，在安倍对历史翻案的问题上，中国秉持一贯且坚定的立场，坚决反对安倍政府的恶劣行为。为此，中国将安倍政府在历史问题上改变立场作为中日首脑会谈的前提之一，中国还与俄罗斯一道共同维护二战后所形成的国际秩序。
另一方面，作为美国在战后扶持的重点对象，日本的国力却出现缓慢踏步的几乎停滞状态。日本对中国的制衡作用明显弱化。作为亚太的长期领导者，美国在亚太的影响力也相对弱化。中美日之间力量对比的此消彼长，必然会反映到亚太战略结构的变化之中。正如美日战略学家所言，亚太地区的战略格局正处于失衡状态之中。
外交主张
福田康夫重视亚洲外交。外交政策以联合国、日美同盟和成为亚洲一员为中心。争取根据《日朝平壤宣言》解决绑架问题和实现朝鲜半岛无核化。支持国际社会打击恐怖主义的努力。赞成与中国发展长期良性关系，支持建立新的战争纪念场所，以区别供奉二战甲级战犯的靖国神社。
福田也不赞成首相参拜供奉有甲级战犯牌位的靖国神社。
2010年4月9日下午3时许，博鳌亚洲论坛2010年年会暨博鳌亚洲论坛2009年度报告新闻发布会上，龙永图宣布：福田康夫为新一届博鳌论坛理事长.
