当年,李将军是国家的军人,西点军校的校长。
南方的奴隶主们为了“维护自己的价值观和生活方式”,单方宣布脱离联邦,独立出去。
这脱离,美国最高法院的判定是,违法的。所以,南军一直被称作“叛军”。也是南军,开了内战的第一枪。
奴隶主们的“价值观和生活方式”是什么呢?你找不到南方给出的任何解释。永远是含糊其辞的“南方的价值观和生活方式”。
当然,大家都心知肚明,这“南方的价值观和生活方式”,就是奴隶制。黑奴不是人,是牲口。奴隶主对黑奴不仅掌握着生杀大权,还能把黑奴和他们的孩子像牲口一样拿到集市上去拍卖。奴隶主们生活在富丽堂皇的豪宅里,舒舒服服地享受着奴隶们的血和肉。
据李将军的粉们说,李将军其实是反对奴隶制的,反对蓄奴的。
但李将军却决定加入叛军,率领叛军和北军开战。
也就是说,李将军是违背着自己的理念,自己的价值观,自己的良心,去作战的。
作为国家的军人,李将军宣过誓要效忠国家。但他却背叛自己的誓言,而去和国家开战了。
所以,从个人层面说,李将军不是为了捍卫自己的理念而战。从国家层面说,作为一个军人,他不是为了保卫国家而战。那李将军是为什么而战? 据说是为了乡情乡土。
乡土一说,自相矛盾。你南方不违法脱离,不开第一枪,乡土好好的安存着。
至于为了乡情而开战,这让我想起了梁山好汉。为了哥们义气,该出手时就出手。下至无辜百姓,上到皇帝老儿,先杀你个寸草不留。南北战争是美国历史上最残酷,死人最多的战争,尤其是按当时的人口比例来算。
这,就是我心中的李将军。
但粉说,李将军私德高尚,譬如谦谦君子,不乱搞女人。如果仅仅以私德来衡量如此残酷的战争的领导人,那希特勒应该是大英雄了。
好了,说说塑像吧。这有争议的李将军的塑像,是在内战结束以后60年才竖立起来的。说它是内战历史的一部分,有纪念意义,太勉强了吧。它根本不是内战历史的一部分。
第二,竖立这个塑像是在上世纪二十年代。那时,黑奴和他们的后代还丝毫没有任何的政治权力。黑人真正拥有投票权是始于六十年代。所以,竖立那个塑像时,黑人根本没有任何发言权。
第三,这个塑像的地点和象征意义,都是对黑奴和他们后代的冒犯。李将军以胜利者的姿态,骑着高头大马,耸立在街心,俯视着来来往往的受害者的后代。这传递的,怎么是“和解”的信息?
更可悲的是,这个塑像被三K党新纳粹当成了“白人至上”的标志来崇拜。李将军地下有知,也一定会同意把这个塑像搬迁走。
为了不忘历史,为了和解,最好的办法,是把李将军的塑像放到有关内战的博物馆里。
大赞好文!
祝楼主周末愉快!
A historical background that you should also know in regarding to state's right to succeed. During ratification of the constitution by the constituent states in 1788, New York, Virginia and Rhode Island refused to ratify the constitution unless they were allowed to reserve the right to succeed from the union. Compromises were reached so that constitution would not have provision for the nullification of the succession right. Since all states in the continental compact were presumed equal in legal status, it was therefore assumed by most, if not all, that the right to succeed from the Union by individual state was permitted by the constitution until the 1869 Texas ruling 4 year after the end of civil war. A side note, the 1869 ruling on succession right proved to be an embarrassing irony for US foreign policies when US is now persistently preaching to other countries of their local people's right for self determination while itself was against it domestically.
By the way, use your common sense, The principle that people should be free from retroactive law has its roots in another principle: that there is no crime or punishment except in accordance with law.
I guess you are unfamiliar with US legal system. I am not going to give you a lecture on the non retrospection of law. I just want to cite you this passage:
Legality:
The principle of legality is the legal ideal that requires all law to be clear, ascertainable and non-retrospective. It requires decision makers to resolve disputes by applying legal rules that have been declared beforehand, and not to alter the legal situation retrospectively by discretionary departures from established law.
No crime can be committed, nor punishment imposed without a pre-existing penal law, nulla poena sine lege. This principle is accepted as just and upheld by the penal codes of constitutional states, including virtually all modern democracies.
in conclusion, tt the time of the Civil War it was not illegal as the ruling by Supreme Court came later in 1869 (after the war) that unilateral secession was unconstitutional.
"I think there's been some confusion about the word "illegal". It commonly refers to an act that is punishable under criminal law, but the question regarding unilateral secession is whether it's authorized by the Constitution. We commonly refer to unconstitutional actions as "illegal"; perhaps that's insufficiently precise.
I'd say the real question here is whether unilateral secession is permitted by the Constitution. Given that question, the principal of nulla poena sine lege is irrelevant, since it's not a matter of a criminal law for which violators may be punished.
For example, there is no punishment specified for passing a law that restricts free speech, but any such law is invalid.
Texas V. White clearly expressed the Supreme Court's opinion that unilateral secession was illegal in 1861, when Texas attempted to secede. There is no ambiguity in the Court's ruling. There are valid arguments that the Court's ruling was incorrect, but any such arguments should start with an acknowledgement of what the ruling actually said."
you mean that court ruling in 1869? I hope that you do realize that in US law is not supposed to and cannot be retroactive. I fail to comprehend your reference to 1869 court ruling has any bearing on legality of events in civil war.
It had never been a supreme court ruling on the constitutionality of state right for succession. However, the initial US constitution implied state's right to succeed. If the supreme court were to rule prior to civil war, it would most likely rule in favor of succession right.
"If you want to discuss state rights vs constitution"
your question is oxymoron. State's right is a important part of the constitution of the United States.
"I just said that the succession by south was ruled by Supreme Court to be illegal. Wasn't this true? What's wrong with this statement?"
When did supreme court ever rule that succession by the southern states was unconstitutional? On the contrary, according to the US constitution of 1861, the state's right to succeed from union was constitutional.
Huh? How did I make your point? It seems that you have completely failed to comprehend my point. We are talking in complete different wavelength here. I suggest you o take a trip to the library to learn a little on the history of American constitution and state's right.
回复 'sufficient' 的评论 : so the Supreme Court was wrong?
It is funny that you see things this way. Too put it short, constitutionally, supreme court has the final word on interpretation of law, therefore its ruling cannot be wrong legally. Of course, you can slap a moral, social or political judgement on its rulings. In those sense, you can say that it was wrong or right. Would you say that Lincoln, who waged war against the south unconstitutionally, was wrong? Constitutionally, he might be, But, with consideration of national interest of the united States, he was right.
回复 'sufficient' 的评论 : Yes, Sir or Madam. Judgement is always issued afterwards, isn't it?
I guess you miss the point. you had stated that "这脱离,美国最高法院的判定是,违法的。", implying that succession was unconstitutional at the time of civil war. That is not historically correct statement. Supreme court had never ruled on the constitutionality of the succession at the time of the civil war. If it were to rule, it would most likely rule in favor of the state's right to succeed from the Union. Lincolin's war on the succeeding states was in legal sense unconstitutional. With that said, it does not mean that Lincoln was not doing the right thing as a president for his perceived country, the Union. Most legal scholars today agree that from legal perspective the constitution of United States at the time of civil war implied state's right to succeed from the union. Even today, there is no clause in the constitution explicitly prohibiting state's right to to succeed from the Union. However, the subsequent amendments particularly those rectified during the Construction implies or, I should say, preempts state's right for succession. With the war to save the Union, this implication is blatantly obvious.
但是把天安门前那个纪念馆或是夷为平地,或是该成文化大革命浩劫纪念馆。让国人深刻的牢记文革对中国造成的浩劫,以此为戒,岂不更好。
转一段一个叫MJYY的网友在别处的文字:
谢分享!
"回复 'sufficient' 的评论 : In Texas v. White (1869)"
I hope that you do realize that American civil war started at 1861 and ended in 1865. 1869 was during the reconstruction era.
问题是移走了雕像就能抹去那段历史吗?与其浪费这些人力物力,还不如以史为鉴好好把握今后的日子。
这个问题我觉着应该这样看。和一些人要求把毛主席的塑像移走(包括毛主席纪念堂)一样,移走了就能抹去那段历史吗?关键是是不是大多数人要求移走。现在看,大多数要求移走,包括李将军的后裔们。不是讲民主吗,民主是啥,少数服从多数:-)
回复 '豆腐干' 的评论 : 以前对豆干网友在我那里的留言还有一点不以为是的感觉,昨天看到先生写的一段文字,我深受感动,感觉心心相映。佩服豆干先生的学识人品。
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那实在不好意思。我这人嘴臭,张嘴就得罪人,所以我尽量不说,哪天我真的闭嘴了,就功夫到家了。抱个歉!学识人品不敢当。
诚信先生问过,他不明白为什么会有50%的华人支持床铺。我指出,他太谦虚了。是80%。
而同样是亚裔移民的韩国人里,80%反对床铺。究竟是什么原因导致这么巨大的反差,我一时也说不明白。我只能说,华人太聪明了。
这就过于激进了。李将军是个历史人物,有没有必要200年以后再把他拉出来批倒批臭呢?各种族共同生活在一个国家,大家都要留下一些余地才好
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人都像你这样想,做,就好了。可惜99%的人都不会。所以这个世界永远是纷乱的。纠正一点,好像没有批到批臭这一说吧,就是针对塑像而已。swastik也是一古老的符号,纳粹一用,意义就不同了,几千年的符号了,为什么德国要禁它?
不赞成蚂蚁这种说法。其实内战将领像和白人至上本无必然的联系。夏市根据民意依法做出移像的决定。这样人家自家后院的事,却挑动了全国新纳粹三k党的神经齐聚夏市,是他们主动挑事。
我本来对这些将领无感,爱拆不拆。但是看到它居然是新纳粹的钟情偶像,那就真有拆的必要了。
您说的是李将军是维护奴隶制的军人,等等,所以是对现在的美国黑人的大大冒犯,
所以就应该拆除。
历史是不能改的。确实,李将军是代表的错误的一方,
但更重要的恰恰是和解和宽容的美国精神的象征。
首先,他拒绝了打游击战争拖下去给美国人民带来更大痛苦的选择,
依然干脆投降,结束战争。
更重要的是,战胜方宽恕了李以及所有的南军将士,
林肯是个了不起的总统就体现在这!
美国的统一和繁荣就是基于宽容和解的基础上的,
楼主明白这个道理吗?
150年过去了,美国的后人反而不能接受对失败者的宽容了,
要取悦一部分人,就要得罪一部分人,破坏团结统一的基础。
内战的双方,不能和希特勒比,希特勒的罪孽是对外侵略,
。
白人至上主义者当今根本微不足道,不成气候。为什么左派非要去打这只死狗,从而挑动是非?无非就是想找茬阻挠和干扰川普在真正有现实意义的政策上听左派的。医疗教育税收贸易等等等等有真正脱贫提高的事情上,左派有任何建设性意见嘛?没有。也自知根本无法在逻辑上常识上对抗川普。只好通过这样的敲诈绑票手段来混淆视听。
对啊。所以,我们不仅认为希特勒是个恶魔, 也认为 Robert Lee 是个恶魔, 就是不希望历史重演嘛。
我们吵归吵,还有很多 common ground. :)
另外,我不是多挺老船,而是觉得他比伪君子略好那么一点点。如此而已。见我去年写的鸡肉or牛肉文。挑不出合适的总统人选,政客陷于党派之争,这才是美国现有体制最大的瓶颈和最需要改革的地方。
俺的最爱。啥时候开个音乐会,不谈政治了,哈哈。
德国人至今记得拿破仑的残暴,这不是笑话。但两国不也联手成为欧盟核心了吗?
阿留兄太不喜欢思考了! 难怪会这么喜欢Trump.
“此刻,当得知拿破仑如此卑劣的行径之后,简直无法表述自己当时愤怒的心情,贝多芬冲动的撕下了写有题词的交响曲总谱首页,大骂拿破仑是“凡夫俗子、野性暴君”。经过了这次打击,贝多芬对拿破仑的好感似乎一下子烟消云散了,据说为此还病了一场,所以也就耽误了《第三交响曲》的发表。”
诚信兄,拿破仑开疆扩土,侵略了德国;那么德国人是不是也可以找个借口立希特勒的塑像呢?也开疆扩土啊?:)
只有出卖,分裂国家领土的人,如秦桧,李将军之类才是叛国罪犯。
这也能混淆?
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Goodloe_McIntire 把以他名字命名的学校改了!!!
拜托不言兄了!
说实话,如果李将军内心是坚决拥护奴隶制的,因此帅军与北军作战,我反倒能认他是条汉子。内战中,许多亲兄弟甚至父子,为了维护自己的理念,都分别加入南北军里互相弑杀。平民为了维护自己的价值观而战,军人为了国家而战,这才是真好汉。
罗伯特·李将军在许多人眼里一直身负多重美名:他聪慧过人,他战术高超,他反对蓄
奴,他为了自己的故乡而战,他促进南北复合,他是南方荣耀的象征……
然而这不过是后人的发明,其目的是抹灭奴隶制作为内战起因的核心地位,以及塑造高
贵又正直的南方形象,为日后种族隔离的吉姆·克劳法铺路。而这一历史修正主义宣传
从未停止,直到今日仍有人相信李将军那杜撰的光辉形象。
李大奴隶主
李将军的岳父卡斯提斯在1857年去世,留下了莫大的家产、几百名奴隶和巨额债务。最
要命的是,遗嘱中表示希望将这些奴隶在五年内解放。
正在从军的李将军不得不请假回家接手这一烂摊子。巨额债务怎么还呢?让黑奴接着卖
命吧,反正遗嘱给的期限是五年。然而卡斯提斯生前拥有的黑奴却都以为卡斯提斯会在
死后立刻解放自己,因此十分不满。
细观史料即可发现,李将军无论书信中表达了怎样的观点,其实际行动与其他南方奴隶
主无异。在入赘后李将军由于从军导致家庭管理不善,而这所造成的债务导致他不但没
有任何“废奴”壮举,反而小心翼翼地维护着自己作为奴隶主的地位。
1858年,数名李将军家的奴隶拒绝服从命令,李将军在给儿子的书信中写道:
I have had some trouble with some of the people. Reuben, Parks & Edward, in
the beginning of the previous week, rebelled against my authority—refused
to obey my orders, & said they were as free as I was, etc., etc.—I
succeeded in capturing them & lodging them in jail. They resisted till
overpowered & called upon the other people to rescue them.
有几个人给我带来了麻烦。鲁本、帕克斯和爱德华,他们在上周刚开始时反抗了我的权
威——拒绝服从我的命令,并称他们与我一样自由等等,等等。我成功抓住了他们并投
进监狱。他们直到被制服一直在反抗,还呼吁其他人来救他们。
随后李将军将拒绝服从命令的黑奴与家人分开,交由奴隶贩子关押并寻找新主人直至五
年期限结束。
经常被人遗忘的一件事情是,强行将黑奴与家人分开所带来的精神创伤可谓是奴隶制中
的一大恶。
1859年,数名李将军家的奴隶出逃,之后被抓回。事后废奴派将此事大加炒作,称李将
军亲手鞭挞这些奴隶,而史学家们在李将军究竟做了什么这点上并未达成共识。但毫无
疑问的是,李将军在奴隶被抓回后对他们实施了惩罚,或与家人分开,或是命令手下进
行鞭挞。(目前看来,命令手下鞭挞说的支持者最多)
同年,著名的约翰·布朗袭击发生,废奴主义者约翰·布朗试图领导黑奴进行武装起义
,猜猜率领军队英勇镇压他们的是谁?
李将军实际上不但不是个废奴先锋,他所持有的所谓“反奴隶制”观点实际上也是当时
南方权贵的主流观点。为什么有人说李将军反对蓄奴呢?洗地党们最爱摘抄的一段是这
样的:
In this enlightened age, there are few I believe, but what will acknowledge,
that slavery as an institution, is a moral & political evil in any Country.
It is useless to expatiate on its disadvantages. I think it however a
greater evil to the white man than to the black race, & while my feelings
are strongly enlisted in behalf of the latter, my sympathies are more strong
for the former. The blacks are immeasurably better off here than in Africa,
morally, socially & physically. The painful discipline they are undergoing,
is necessary for their instruction as a race, & I hope will prepare & lead
them to better things. How long their subjugation may be necessary is known
& ordered by a wise Merciful Providence.
如今已是开明的时代,仅有少数人不明白制度性蓄奴在道德上与政治上皆数有害。详述
其诸般缺失到底无用。我认为,这种制度无论如何,对白种人的祸害更甚于对黑色种族
,而虽说我在感情上强烈支持后者,我对前者更加同情。相比在非洲,黑人在道德观念
上、社会心理上与实际情形上身在此处要好得多。我希望他们所经历的痛苦折磨——对
其种族而言是必需的——可以把他们变好。他们要过多久才得受感化,端视全知全能的
悲悯天意之所识与所为。
这就是内战前南方白大人们自我感觉良好的主流观点——我们牺牲道德给黑人这野蛮的
种族提供了更好的生活,是否废奴,全看上帝。
然后他们就躺在庄园上的豪宅里,一面维系着蓄奴体制,一面坐等天意。
当然,天意很快就到了。
无敌的李将军
李将军是独立战争中大名鼎鼎的战争英雄——“轻马哈利”的儿子。他在西点军校以年
级第二的好成绩毕业,并在美墨战争中立下不少战功。
内战前,林肯和温菲尔德·斯考特将军曾请李将军率领合众国军队对抗南方邦联,但李
将军拒绝了,为什么呢?因为他的家乡弗吉尼亚刚刚投票决定脱离联邦。随后,李将军
从服役了32年的军队退伍,加入了南方邦联军队。
升为将军之后李将军先是打了几场胜仗,手段高不高明史学家们翻来覆去研究也没达成
共识,“大胆”这个评价倒是有。毕竟这一阵李将军的敌人要么是像麦克莱伦这种只会
练兵和纸上谈兵的菜鸡,要么就是胡克这种过度自信手下也坑爹的坑货,很少有高水平
的对手。
值得一提的是,入侵宾夕法尼亚州时,李将军手下的军队到处绑架奴役北方的自由黑人
,李将军似乎没什么意见。
后来出现了水平不错的对手,就是著名的葛底斯堡战役了。
葛底斯堡战役的锅再怎么分,李将军也要扛一大把。虽说人数上处于七万打八万的劣势
,但李将军给率领骑兵的斯图亚特的命令模糊导致搞不清敌人在哪里,还打上头搞出皮
克特冲锋这种玩笑,再怎么说也算不上是个高明的指挥官。
崇拜李将军的艾森豪威尔曾经与蒙哥马利一起造访皮克特冲锋的战场旧址,然后艾森豪
威尔说道:“这家伙(李)当时肯定怒到想要一板砖拍在那家伙(对方将军)的脑袋上
。(才会这么鲁莽)”
后来李将军面对北方的十一万大军打不赢了,有人提议给黑人武装让他们去当炮灰,李
将军觉得很有道理。
然后一些人觉得这就是李应当作为废奴先驱永留青史的证据。
呵呵。
战后的李将军
战后,李将军劝南方领导们不要再反抗了。
因为会输。
战后李将军书信欣赏:
I have always observed that wherever you find the neg**, everything is going
down around him, and wherever you find the white man, you see everything
around him improving. 根据我一向观察,哪里有黑人,哪里就更糟,哪里有白人,哪
里就在进步。
You will never prosper with blacks, and it is abhorrent to a reflecting mind
to be supporting and cherishing those who are plotting and working for your
injury, and all of whose sympathies and associations are antagonistic to
yours. I wish them no evil in the world—on the contrary, will do them every
good in my power, and know that they are misled by those to whom they have
given their confidence; but our material, social, and political interests
are naturally with the whites.
你永远不能与黑人共荣,而支持和珍爱这些正在密谋损害你,并且同情心与思想都与你
敌对的人的做法,是令人憎恶的。我并不希望他们不幸,相反,我会尽我所能地去善待
他们,并理解他们被他们所相信的人误导了;但我们的物质、社会以及政治利益将永远
与白人同在。
任华盛顿学院(华盛顿与李大学的前身,不是现在的华盛顿大学)校长期间,学生们在
校内组织了KKK分部,并且试图绑架强奸当地黑人女学生。这些学生至少两次试图对黑
人处以私刑,李将军似乎对此并没有什么特别的反应。有意思的是,当学生们想要额外
的圣诞节假期时,李将军倒是对他们严惩。
顺带一提,1795年招收第一个黑人学生后,该学校1966年才招收第二个黑人学生。
同时,当共和党(没错当时是共和党在搞)正试图在南方提倡种族平权时,李将军还公
开宣传“黑人智力不足以投票”的观点:
The neg**es have neither the intelligence nor the other qualifications which
are necessary to make them safe depositories of political power.
黑人们既没有足够的智力,也没有足够的其他品质来担当政治权力的载体。
1870年,李将军逝世,此时KKK刚刚成立四年。整个南方,民主党和前邦联分子正在掀
起一波又一波针对黑人的暴力行动。而整个国家正在试图尽快摆脱内战的阴霾,南北试
图和解,白人们开始对敢于拼搏的李将军充满了崇敬之情。李将军去世后,他曾经的手
下具伯·尔利甚至对他如此评价:
Our beloved Chief stands, like some lofty column which rears its head among
the highest, in grandeur, simple, pure and sublime.
我们受人敬爱的首领如同巍峨的圆柱一般屹立,在最崇高的伟人中扬头,宏伟庄严,简
约、纯粹而崇高。
而当时混得最好的黑人弗雷德里克·道格拉斯则如是说:
所有报纸里都充满了有关李恶心的客套话,好像无论战斗的理由,一个士兵只要在战场
上杀人最多就是最棒的基督徒并值得在天堂占据最高的席位。
难怪道格拉斯说“这片土地上的基督教和基督所信奉的基督教之间有天壤之别”。
实际上,李将军生前是拒绝以自己为名立雕像的。在他死后,一些南方人试图通过文学
创作将历史叙事中奴隶制作为内战导火索的重要地位逐渐缩小,并且推广南方在内战中
为了保护自己的州权而“迫不得已”脱离联邦的叙事,这一路做法通称Lost Cause(败
局命定论)。而给了这些人灵感的,有可能就是李将军本人。他曾在写给北弗吉尼亚军
的道别令中描述敌人资源和人数上的压倒性优势,并在写给其他手下的书信中表达了虽
然面对劣势但虽败犹荣的情感。
于是在南方内战方败,百废待兴的情况下,李将军在一票原奴隶主逃避战争损失的意淫
之下,成为了南方种族歧视的象征。
他的雕像也一个一个立起来了。
然而这些雕像立起来的时候就造成了争议。1903年,一个宾夕法尼亚州议员提议拨款2
万美元在葛底斯堡国家公园安置一尊李将军像,但遭到了各方的反对。一位北方老兵说:
“But what is to be gained by putting this statue of Lee on Gettysburg
battlefield? If you want historical accuracy as your excuse, then place upon
this field a statue of Lee holding in his hand the banner under which he
fought, bearing the legend: ‘We wage this war against a government
conceived in liberty and dedicated to humanity.’”
在葛底斯堡战场上安置李将军像有什么好处?如果你想要用“历史准确性”作为借口,
那就在这战场上摆上一尊手持条幅的李将军像,上面写着:“我们向在自由中诞生,致
力于人类的这个政府宣战。”
这次事件的中心,位于弗吉尼亚的李将军雕像就是上世纪20年代,南方种族歧视仍是常
态,KKK党拥有上百万成员时树立起来的。
雕像立起来时,上百名白人穿着内战中南方邦联军服在城市中游行庆祝。当然,没人问
黑人的意见。
--
我们家里的观点是,黑人奴隶被贩卖的四百年既然是人类史上的黑暗,当年被压榨,总有后遗症。不得不说,这将是一个不得不面对的社会问题。
1. 1760年代,美国和欧洲的蓄奴很普遍,作为生产力工具,所以华盛顿,杰斐逊等有奴隶,并不有道德上的责任,最多可被指责缺乏超前思想而已。但1860年代,人权概念改变,解放奴隶成为潮流,英国已先于美国完成解放运动。而在这时,李将军仍然领导军事叛乱以图维持奴隶制度,当然就有很大道德罪责。
2. 更为严重的多的是,他领导南方叛军以分裂国家为目的,是典型的叛国者,traitor! 所犯felony crime 是 treason 大罪。 虽然失败后投降,可减轻罪责,但绝不足以改变犯罪性质。50年后,一个叛国头领竟被视为国家英雄,立像纪念,实属荒唐可耻。尤其,当时立雕塑的目的,就是强调对黑人的歧视和侮辱。
大多数华裔川粉既缺乏了解,又不喜欢思考。 我经常被问到: “Can you please advise me why you Chinese support Trump?” 或者 “你们大陆人怎么会挺川普?” 每次被问到,我都感到既尴尬又痛苦,觉得很丢脸, 因为在美国,来自全世界各国的少数族裔都整体上反Trump,只因他明显的种族主义心态。唯独来自中国大陆的移民,有一半是川粉。
所以,每次我都很仔细地读城里川粉们的文章或留言,但一直很不得要领。 因为川粉们只是且总是, always and only, 完全象背诵语录一样, 在争论的时候都是不断重复所有Trump的言论。In brief, 就是“Trump说的总是对的, 而且Trump做的总是对的”。 “为什么是对的?”, “因为那是Trump说的(或做的)。只要他说的就一定是对的,因为他很诚实,而且一心为国家着想,从不撒谎,也不视国务为儿戏。”
还曾以为黑人在白人家像《乱世佳人》那般随意。
如果说李将军像代表了南北人民一致的敬佩,真是太肤浅地看待历史,只要去查查网上的资料,你的文章写明了。