广播的背景介绍:这段录音来自美国国家公众广播电台 (NPR) 的节目《Fresh Air》。这是《Fresh Air》节目的临时主持人采访《纽约时报》驻国会新闻组主任,资深记者 CARL HULSE,谈的就是国会改革。
上图:Carl Hulse
Carl Hulse 简介 (恕不翻译):
Carl Hulse is Chief Congressional Correspondent for the New York Times. In that role, he leads the paper's coverage of the legislative and political activities of both the House and Senate. He has covered Capitol Hill in various capacities since 1985 and became a congressional correspondent for The Times in May 2002.
Previously, he was an editor in the Washington Bureau beginning in February 2001, overseeing the night operations of the bureau during the aftermath of the September 2001 attacks.
Carl joined the New York Times Company in June 1986 and served as the Washington bureau chief for the New York Times Regional Newspaper Group, an assortment of community newspapers owned by the company and centered in the Southeast.
EarMarks: 一项提案 (主要是 Spending Bill) 通过成为法案时,国会议员有权匿名附加任何 Spending 项目。美国政府网页里对 EarMarks 这样评说:Earmarks are funds provided by the Congress for projects or programs where the congressional direction (in bill or report language) circumvents the merit-based or competitive allocation process, or specifies the location or recipient, ...。这是一个极大的腐败,国会改革,EarMarks 将会寿终正寝 (极可能死)。
"Dead at night": 指一项法案即将被通过时,政治对手可以匿名的加入一个项目,而这个项目极为恶毒,使得整个法案无法通过。这是政治对手间常用的方法。(现不知道是否会被取消)
各种 Hold: 主要见于参议院。一种叫 "the cholk hold" (That is to kill the bill entirely by holding it); the May West hold 则是指,某参议员不满意,提案参议员必须去跟他见面商谈;the rotating hold 当然就是指几个参议员合作搞垮对手。总之,各种 Hold 都是匿名的,holder 者可以欲所欲为。改革后,匿名的部分将被取消。但总的来说,hold 方法是阻扰别人的法案 (法案的通过与否应当由表决决定,而不是被 hold)。