2014糖尿病指南: 一型糖尿病Type 1 Diabetes

2014糖尿病指南: 一型糖尿病Type 1 Diabetes

Insulin Therapy

Most patients with type 1 diabetes:
     • Treat with multiple-dose insulin injections (3-4 injections/day of basal and prandial insulin) or     continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion
    • Educate on how to match prandial insulin dose to carbohydrate intake, premeal blood glucose, and
anticipated activity
    • Use insulin analogs to reduce risk of hypoglycemia
    • Consider using sensor-augmented low glucose suspend threshold pump in patients with frequent nocturnal hypoglycemia and/or hypoglycemia unawareness

Most patients with type 1 diabetes: Consider screening for autoimmune diseases as appropriate
   • Thyroid dysfunction, vitamin B12 deficiency, celiac disease

Screening

Inform individuals with type 1 diabetes of the opportunity to have relatives screened for risk of type 1
diabetes in the clinical research setting
    • Early diagnosis may limit complications, extend long-term endogenous insulin production

Widespread testing of asymptomatic low-risk persons: not recommended

Screen high-risk persons only in clinical research setting