老年痴呆症最新进展

老年痴呆症最新进展
            From NPR News
 

Picture from http://www.alz.org/
 

1. 老年痴呆症不光有记忆问题，还可以致命
2. 在美国，在过去的十年，老年痴呆症增加了68%
3. 美国现有超过五百万老年痴呆症患者，预计到2050年，会增长到一点四亿
4. 到现在还没有有效的治疗方法，这些患者的十年死亡率非常大
5. 如果一个70多岁的人有这个病的话，死亡率会比无此病的同令人多一倍。
6. 在此病的早中期，神经细胞的变化主要影响记忆和行为，到了晚期，大脑的变化最终会影响到身体的基本功能，包括吞咽。
7. 老年痴呆症和其他痴呆症可以影响到个人的平衡功能和行走的能力，所以可导致跌到和因此带来的损伤
8. 晚期老年痴呆症的常见死亡原因是发热和感染
9. 医疗人员向患者及家属阐明老年痴呆症不但影响记忆也影响躯体是重要的
10. 知道痴呆是绝症，我们可以更好的向家属提供咨询使他们有准备

Summary by 回家路 :

1. Alzheimer's disease doesn't just steal memories. It takes lives
2. The disease increased by 68 percent between 2000 and 2010
3. More than 5 million people in the U.S. have the disease, and that number could reach nearly 14 million by 2050.
4. There are still no effective treatments for Alzheimer's, and people who have the disease face a greatly increased risk of dying within 10 years
5. If a person is living with Alzheimer's disease in their 70s, it actually doubles their mortality risk
6. In the early and middle stages, the changes to those nerve cells mostly affect memory and behavior problems,  But as the disease progresses toward the end stage, the brain changes eventually affect basic bodily functions, including swallowing
7. Alzheimer's and other dementias also can affect a person's balance and ability to walk, which can lead to falls and injury
8. The most common causes of death in people with late-stage Alzheimer's are fevers and infections.
9. The disease goes after the body as well as the mind. So it's important that health care professionals explain this aspect of the disease
10. By understanding dementia as a terminal illness, we can much better prepare and counsel families about what to expect at the end stage
    
    
    Original artical:
    Alzheimer's 'Epidemic' Now A Deadlier Threat To Elderly
    NPR News by Jon Hamilton
    March 19, 2013 3:15 AM
    
    Alzheimer's disease doesn't just steal memories. It takes lives.
    The disease is now the sixth leading cause of death in the U.S., and figures released Tuesday by the Alzheimer's Association show that deaths from the disease increased by 68 percent between 2000 and 2010.
    "It's an epidemic, it's on the rise, and currently [there is] no way to delay it, prevent it or cure it," says Maria Carrillo, a neuroscientist with the Alzheimer's Association. More than 5 million people in the U.S. have the disease, she says, and that number could reach nearly 14 million by 2050.
    One reason Alzheimer's deaths are going up is that deaths from other causes, like heart disease and prostate cancer, are going down, Carrillo says. "We're living longer," she says, "and unfortunately age is still the greatest risk factor for Alzheimer's disease."
    There are still no effective treatments for Alzheimer's, and people who have the disease face a greatly increased risk of dying within 10 years, according to an analysis by the Alzheimer's Association of data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
    "If a person is living with Alzheimer's disease in their 70s, it actually doubles their mortality risk," Carrillo says.
    It's still tricky to decide when to blame Alzheimer's for the death of a particular person, though, says Susan Mitchell, a professor of medicine at Harvard and a scientist at Hebrew Senior Life Institute for Aging Research. That's because Alzheimer's patients tend to have other health problems as well, she says.
    As a result, Mitchell says, many death certificates still list pneumonia or some other disease as the cause of death, even when the underlying problem is Alzheimer's. "So even the statistics that show dementia increasing as a cause of death are a gross underestimate," she says.
    Because Alzheimer's damages cells in the brain, it often kills in ways that are indirect, says Mitchell, an author of a 2009 study of more than 300 nursing home residents with advanced dementia. "In the early and middle stages, the changes to those nerve cells mostly affect memory and behavior problems," she says. "But as the disease progresses toward the end stage, the brain changes eventually affect basic bodily functions," including swallowing.
    This seemingly simple act requires the brain to orchestrate a complex sequence of muscular contractions, and that sequence often goes awry in people in the later stages of Alzheimer's, Mitchell says. "That can often lead to a lung infection if the food goes down the wrong way, and that is a common cause of pneumonia," she says.
    Alzheimer's and other dementias also can affect a person's balance and ability to walk, which can lead to falls and injury, Mitchell says. And she says damage to the brain itself can cause fatal seizures.
    But the most common causes of death in people with late-stage Alzheimer's are fevers and infections, Mitchell says. She says this is because the disease has gradually eroded the body's defenses.
    "The body is so debilitated, frail and weak at the end of dementia that some of the usual immunological and metabolic factors that can protect a healthy body from infections and fevers really become susceptible," Mitchell says.
    Yet many families of people with Alzheimer's don't realize that the disease goes after the body as well as the mind, Mitchell says. So it's important that health care professionals explain this aspect of the disease, she says.
    "By understanding dementia as a terminal illness, we can much better prepare and counsel families about what to expect at the end stage," Mitchell says. And research shows that when they fully understand what is happening, she says, they are less likely to request extreme measures to keep a family member alive

[回家路]

网友：那应该如何防治呢 ？本人的母亲年近八十，最近记忆力极差，说话时反应也不敏捷，很担心。。。我们常劝她多说话多动脑，这样是不是有点好？

答：这里所说的老年性痴呆症是遗传的，英文是：Alzheimer's disease,
没有有效的办法防止。但血管性痴呆可以防止, 就是控制血压，血脂，血糖，65岁以上一天一片小剂量阿斯匹林，戒烟酒，常运动，多动脑！要排除B12低下，和甲状腺功能低下造成的类痴呆症状。对不起，回帖很晚，不知为什么，试了很多次回帖，都失败了。