2022 年诺贝尔奖"完全疯狂”的量子纠缠隔空思想交流, 灵魂旅行
科学界似乎都认为，量子纠缠的一方只能检测，不能操纵，无法编码。那量子通讯如何实现呢？
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2022 年诺贝尔奖, 隔空思想交流, 灵魂旅行隔空, "完全疯狂”的量子纠缠领域
Spiritual force, holy spirit, soul connection, the universe, soul travel, spacious exchange of ideas,
“Frenchman Alain Aspect, American John F. Clauser and Austrian Anton Zeilinger were cited by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for experiments proving the “totally crazy” field of quantum entanglements to be all too real. They demonstrated that unseen particles, such as photons, can be linked, or “entangled,” with each other even when they are separated by large distances.”
It all goes back to a feature of the universe that even baffled Albert Einstein and connects matter and light in a tangled, chaotic way.
Bits of information or matter that used to be next to each other even though they are now separated have a connection or relationship — something that can conceivably help encrypt information or even teleport. A Chinese satellite now demonstrates this and potentially lightning fast quantum computers, still at the small and not quite useful stage, also rely on this entanglement. Others are even hoping to use it in superconducting material.
“It's so weird,” Aspect said of entanglement in a telephone call with the Nobel committee. “I am accepting in my mental images something which is totally crazy.”
Yet the trio's experiments showed it happen in real life.
“Why this happens I haven't the foggiest,” Clauser told The Associated Press during a Zoom interview in which he got the official call from the Swedish Academy several hours after friends and media informed him of his award. “I have no understanding of how it works but entanglement appears to be very real.”
His fellow winners also said they can't explain the how and why behind this effect. But each did ever more intricate experiments that prove it just is.
Clauser, 79, was awarded his prize for a 1972 experiment, cobbled together with scavenged equipment, that helped settle a famous debate about quantum mechanics between Einstein and famed physicist Niels Bohr. Einstein described “a spooky action at a distance” that he thought would eventually be disproved.
“I was betting on Einstein,” Clauser said. “But unfortunately I was wrong and Einstein was wrong and Bohr was right.”
Aspect said Einstein may have been technically wrong, but deserves huge credit for raising the right question that led to experiments proving quantum entanglement.
“Most people would assume that nature is made out of stuff distributed throughout space and time," said Clauser, who while a high school student in the 1950s built a video game on a vacuum tube computer. "And that appears not to be the case.”
What the work shows is “parts of the universe — even those at great distances from each other — are connected,” said Johns Hopkins physicist N. Peter Armitage. “This is something so unintuitive and something so at odds with how we feel the world ‘should’ be.”
This hard-to-understand field started with thought experiments. But what in one sense is philosophical musings about the universe also holds hope for more secure and faster computers all based on entangled photons and matter that still interact no matter how distant.
“With my first experiments I was sometimes asked by the press what they were good for,” Zeilinger, 77, told reporters in Vienna. “And I said with pride: ‘It’s good for nothing. I’m doing this purely out of curiosity.’”
In quantum entanglement, establishing common information between two photons not near each other "allows us to do things like secret communication, in ways which weren’t possible to do before,” said David Haviland, chair of the Nobel Committee for Physics.
Quantum information “has broad and potential implications in areas such as secure information transfer, quantum computing and sensing technology," said Eva Olsson, a member of the Nobel committee. "Its predictions have opened doors to another world, and it has also shaken the very foundations of how we interpret measurements.”
The kind of secure communication used by China’s Micius satellite — as well as by some banks — is a “success story of quantum entanglement,” said Harun Siljak of Trinity College Dublin. By using one entangled particle to create an encryption key, it ensures that only the person with the other entangled particle can decode the message and "the secret shared between these two sides is a proper secret,” Siljak said.
While quantum entanglement is “incredibly cool” security technologist Bruce Schneier, who teaches at Harvard, said it is fortifying an already secure part of information technology where other areas, including human factors and software are more of a problem. He likened it to installing a side door with 25 locks on an otherwise insecure house.
At a news conference, Aspect said real-world applications like the satellite were “fantastic.”
“I think we have progress toward quantum computing. I would not say that we are close," the 75-year-old physicist said. “I don’t know if I will see it in my life. But I am an old man.”
Speaking by phone to a news conference after the announcement, the University of Vienna-based Zeilinger said he was “still kind of shocked” at hearing he had received the award.
Clauser, Aspect and Zeilinger have figured in Nobel speculation for more than a decade. In 2010 they won the Wolf Prize in Israel, seen as a possible precursor to the Nobel.
The Nobel committee said Clauser developed quantum theories first put forward in the 1960s into a practical experiment. Aspect was able to close a loophole in those theories, while Zeilinger demonstrated a phenomenon called quantum teleportation that effectively allows information to be transmitted over distances.
“Using entanglement you can transfer all the information which is carried by an object over to some other place where the object is, so to speak, reconstituted," Zeilinger said. He added that this only works for tiny particles.
“It is not like in the Star Trek films (where one is) transporting something, certainly not the person, over some distance,” he said.
A week of Nobel Prize announcements kicked off Monday with Swedish scientist Svante Paabo receiving the award in medicine Monday for unlocking secrets of Neanderthal DNA that provided key insights into our immune system.
Chemistry is on Wednesday and literature on Thursday. The Nobel Peace Prize will be announced Friday and the economics award on Oct. 10.
The prizes carry a cash award of 10 million Swedish kronor (nearly $900,000) and will be handed out on Dec. 10. The money comes from a bequest left by the prize’s creator, Swedish dynamite inventor Alfred Nobel, who died in 1895.
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Jordans reported from Berlin, Borenstein from Kensington, Maryland, and Burakoff from New York. David Keyton in Stockholm and Masha Macpherson in Palaiseau, France, contributed.
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Follow all AP stories about the Nobel Prizes at https://apnews.com/hub/nobel-prizes
二哥得诺奖了。。
来源:
小二哥李白 于
2022-10-04 07:33:09 [档案] [博客] [旧帖] [给我悄悄话] 本文已被阅读： 2485 次 (1268 bytes)本文内容已被 [ 小二哥李白 ] 在 2022-10-04 08:15:32 编辑过。如有问题，请报告版主或论坛管理删除.
笑坛吹牛不上税，二哥6年前在博客记录的一个有关量子物理和贝尔不等式的实验，
最近看量子科普，明白了一些有趣的道理。。。
二哥说，“系统设计得很聪明，可以去上帝那里领奖了。”
果然今年得诺奖了！
三位科学家荣获2022年诺贝尔物理学奖 © 路透社图片
瑞典皇家科学院10月4日宣布，将2022年诺贝尔物理学奖授予法国物理学家阿兰·阿斯佩（Alain Aspect）、美国理论和实验物理学家约翰·克劳泽（John F. Clauser） 和奥地利物理学家安东·塞林格（Anton Zeilinger），以表彰他们为纠缠光子实验、证明违反贝尔不等式和开创性的量子信息科学所作出的贡献。
新科诺贝尔奖“量子纠缠” 可能是超光速通讯的基础
文章来源: 中时新闻网 于 2022-10-05 08:42:00 - 新闻取自各大新闻媒体，新闻内容并不代表本网立场！
(被阅读 13506 次)A- A A+
量子纠缠是一种双生量子之间的即时反应现象，如果我们能有效应用，将可实现超过光速效率的即时通讯。(图/Livescience)
今年的诺贝尔物理学奖颁给了3位量子力学的重要科学家：阿斯佩(Alain Aspect)、克劳泽(John F. Clauser)以及塞林格(Anton Zeilinger)。 诺贝尔委员会成员欧利森( Eva Olsson)说：“量子讯息科学是一个充满活力，且发展迅速的学门，这将是安全加密传输、量子计算，和即时通讯等领域的基础。”
物理学网(Phys)报导，事实上过去十几年，这3位科学家与量子纠缠理论(quantum entanglement)，一直是诺贝尔物理奖的大热门，他们的发现早已被其他科学奖项所肯定，早在2010 年，就已该理论获得以色列的沃尔夫奖(Wolf Prize)，常被视为诺贝尔奖的暖身，结果这一暖身就是12年。可能被“鸽”的时间太长，77岁的泽林格在接到得奖电话时，他说：“我非常讶异，也相当荣幸。”
他们的发现，与量子力学当中的“量子纠缠”有关，这是指同时出生的AB两个量子之间，有一股无远弗届的连结能力，A量子出现改变，B量子也会有即时的反应，不因距离而有延迟。
泽林格通过实验，展示了一种称为“量子隐形传输”的现象，以他的话来说“利用纠缠，你可以将量子携带的所有信息，转移到量子被重新构建的其他地方。”听起来像是瞬间移动，或是科幻片《星际争霸战》(STAR TREK)的光波传输。
泽林格也补充，就目前理论，能完成这种传输的只有极简单的粒子，无法像科幻片那样把一个大活人给传到远处。
正因为这个机制只限于量子之间的传送，所以泽林格曾经说：“这些实验完全是哲学上的，没有任何可能的用途或应用。”
但是这一部分泽林格就预测错误，事实上，最近十年，工程师们开始依据量子纠缠理量，开发量子电脑、量子网络通讯，和量子加密通信技术，比如中国大陆的“墨子号”，就号称是世界首颗量子科学实验卫星，其研究的目标就是量子通讯与不可能破解的加密技术。
文章来源：Three scientists share Nobel Prize in Physics for work in quantum mechanics
纽西兰的冬天 发表评论于 2022-10-05 11:00:11
只要解决调制解调问题，就可以实现了
areYOUsure 发表评论于 2022-10-05 10:40:09
物理奴奖早就应该停了:-))
bsmile 发表评论于 2022-10-05 10:37:51
食指小动 发表评论于 2022-10-05 09:13:34
所谓超光速通讯或瞬移的前提是要把处于纠缠态的一方粒子/物体传送到目标位置，而这传送过程是受光速限制的，所以没有真正的超光速
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当要做信息传输的时候可以超光速，譬如两个纠缠光子，一个放在我这里，另一个放到你那里。我要传输信息了，我改变我这边的光子，你那边那个光子也瞬息变了，这个时候就是超光速了。
paladindancer 发表评论于 2022-10-05 10:14:48
量子纠缠就好比箱子里放了两只猫, 如果"发现"一只猫是活的, na 另一只一定是死的. 但如果不看任何一只猫, 两只猫都不能确定死活.
老大粗 发表评论于 2022-10-05 09:46:40
不允许的笔名 发表评论于 2022-10-05 08:53:47
啥？量子通讯不是中国发明的吗？LOL
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是的，几年前就有人在纽约法拉盛销售中国移动的“量子通讯服务”。打国内电话没有分钟费。中美政府都无法窃听通话内容，因为是量子通讯。
Lacedaemon 发表评论于 2022-10-05 09:25:55
量子纠缠理论和计算，非但不是中国发明的，美国的量子计算机性能也已经遥遥领先中国。另外，超级计算机中国曾经名列榜首（用美国器件组装的）。但现在美国的超算已经一骑绝尘，比中国的快12倍
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已经4段 发表评论于 2022-10-05 09:15:59
不允许的笔名 发表评论于 2022-10-05 08:53:47啥？量子通讯不是中国发明的吗？LOL
弯刀月 发表评论于 2022-10-05 09:19:00
别信光速极限的迷信
相信事实 发表评论于 2022-10-05 09:17:45
实际上人类可以观测到量子纠缠现象，但离应用还早着呢。
goldeyeball1 发表评论于 2022-10-05 09:16:31
一旦成真，美国就再也偷听不到别国的信息了
已经4段 发表评论于 2022-10-05 09:15:59
不允许的笔名 发表评论于 2022-10-05 08:53:47啥？量子通讯不是中国发明的吗？LOL
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在量子通讯应用领域, 中国规模最大。中国什么时候说过是自己发明的?你们一刻不骂中国, 心里就难受
食指小动 发表评论于 2022-10-05 09:13:34
所谓超光速通讯或瞬移的前提是要把处于纠缠态的一方粒子/物体传送到目标位置，而这传送过程是受光速限制的，所以没有真正的超光速
不允许的笔名 发表评论于 2022-10-05 08:53:47
啥？量子通讯不是中国发明的吗？LOL