(ZT) what is what; which is which; and who is who 的用法

                   what is what; which is which; and who is who

 

       这三个表达在口语中非常常用，由于其结构相同，用法相似，所以经常被弄混。本文拟对其用法区别作一归纳。

 

一、what is what

what’s what在口语中通常与动词know, learn, show, tell, perceive等连用，其主要用法有：

 

1. 表示“哪个是哪个”。如：

The weeds and the flowers are coming up together, and we can’t tell what is what. 杂草和花长在一起，我们都没法区别哪是草哪是花。

It will take you a few weeks to learn what’s what in the job. 你要花几个星期的工夫才能熟悉这项工作。

 

2. 表示“好东西与坏东西”“有用的东西与无用的东西”“青红皂白”。如：

He can’t tell what’s what. 他好丑不分(from www.hxen.com)。

You’re old enough now to know what’s what. 你已经不小了，应该知道好歹了。

 

3. 表示“什么事情有用”“什么事情重要”。如：

She certainly knows what’s what. 她当然知道轻重缓急。

 

4. 表示“事情的真相”“事情的究竟”。如：

I keep my ears open and I know what’s what around the office. 我一直在注意听，知道办公室发生的情况。

If he gets angry enough, he’ll tell you what’s what. 假如他生气到一定的程度，他会告诉你到底是怎么一回事。

 

5. 表示“事情的诀窍”。如(from www.hxen.com)：

When it comes to cooking, Jenny knows what’s what. 谈到烹饪，詹妮是内行。

Linda’s been in the business for thirty years—she knows what’s what. 琳达在这一行当里干了30年，很老练了。

 

二、which is which

which is which的意思“哪个是哪个”，通常用于区分两个十分相似的人或事物，一般与动词tell, know等连用。如：

You don’t know which is which, do you? 你不知道哪个是哪个，对吗？

These kittens look exactly alike—how can you tell which is which? 这些小猫看上去一模一样，你怎么能分出哪个是哪个?

The twins are so much alike that I can’t tell which is which. 这对双胞胎长得可真像，我都分不出谁是谁了。

Tag the bottles now or we’ll forget which is which. 把这些瓶子加上标签，否则的话，我们就忘了哪个是哪个了。

注：有时可用which…is which这样的形式。如(from www.hxen.com)：

It took three months before we knew which end of the ship was which. 我们花了三个月时间才弄清楚哪是船头哪是船尾。

 

三、who is who

who is who的意思是“谁是谁”“人们的情况(姓名、工作、身份等)”，通常与动词know, learn, remember等连用。如：

It was so dark I couldn’t tell who was who. 光线很暗，我分不清哪个是哪个。

I don’t know anyone at this party; you must tell me who’s who. 这晚会上我一个人也不认识，你要告诉我哪个是哪个(即给我作介绍)。

You’ll soon find out who’s who in this department. 你很快就能弄清楚这个部门每个人的情况。

When I go to those family reunions, I can never remember who’s who. 我去参加那些家庭团圆聚会时，从来记不住谁是谁。

注：大写的Who’s Who意为“名人录”“名人词典”。如：

Who’s Who states he retired in 1980. 《名人录》上说他于1980年退休了。

The guest list reads like a Who’s Who of top American businessmen. 宾客名单读起来像是美国顶级商人的名人录。

 

From: http://www.hxen.com/grammar/jiaoxue/2009-08-21/87533.html