3D打印机常用的软件有几类:“建模软件”,主要是用来制作3d打印的三维数据模型,而建模软件又被细分为不同领域的专业软件,比如常见的机械建模软件ug,proe,catia,SolidWorks等;或游戏动漫建模软件如Maya,Zbursh;还有家具建模软件3ds max等;3d扫描仪逆向建模软件geomagic studio,imagerware等。
建模软件输出的是stl、obj等面片格式,转换时可能会有些问题,如面片重叠、漏洞、烂线、烂面等,这一步需要借助“修复软件”来对模型进行一个细致的检查修复,常用的有netfabb、magics。
3d打印是一层层的堆积而成,悬空的地方必须加支撑,在打印后手动去除。可以选择手动支撑,常用的“支撑软件”之一是meshmixer,但它不仅是建立支撑的功能。接下来说的切片软件很多都是自带支撑功能。
3d打印机接收的是CNC机加工的用一行行数字代码称为G code,因此必须借助“切片软件”把三维数据stl格式转为gcode代码,还有设置层间距离打印速度等,常见有Cura,slic3r,kisslicer,Simplify3D 等。
输出的G代码存到SD卡中就可以塞入3d打印机进行打印了,有时还要设置一下热头和底板的温度。个别机器没有SD接口的,就要借助USB接口和联机软件了,如常见的Pritrun,Repetier Host,Matter Contro等。
1. TinkerCAD
目前2019.11最容易的软件是TinkerCAD,建模后用slicer软件分片(如Prusa3D自带SlicrMK3,可下载),然后用Netfabb修复STL,因为不少分片软件有bug。两者都是联网软件,注册一个用户就成。简明教程:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gsz2PNcAcPA 系列教程:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iyMUhf-Drko&list=PLvj8iYZWPooP3Qor_8z1UypPr7wSnujeo 客服:https://tinkercad.zendesk.com/hc/en-us/requests/new
.Mouse Usage
Left Button: Used to select
Left Button + Alt and drag: duplicates object and moves it
Right Button: Used to turn model
Right Button + shift: move in a straight line
Scroll: Used to zoom
Scroll Button: Pans the work area
.Some TinkerCAD Process Steps
1. To add shapes, letters and numbers drag your desired selection from the palette to the right to the workplane.
2. You can raise the height of your form by dragging the Node (white square on top), which is right below the up arrow (black cone)
3. Dragging the corner point while holding shift will increase the X, Y and Z axis equally
4. To build on the side of an object, drag the workplane to that side
5. You can rotate how objects sit on the plane to give them new angles. This is done with the curved arrow
6. You can copy and paste your forms using the standard keyboard commands (Ctrl + C & Ctrl + V) When you paste, TInkerCAD will move your new form to the right:
7. When you want to remove the hole shape, drag your cursor over both objects to select them (or Shift + Left Click)
.Keyboard Shortcuts
..Control Key Plus
1. Cntrl - c: copy
2. Cntrl – v: paste
3. Cntrl – z: undo
4. Cntrl – Shift – z: redo
5. Cntrl – g: group
6. Cntrl – Shift – g: ungroup
7. Cntrl – d: duplicate inplace
8. Cntrl – L lock
9. Cntrl – a: select all
..Alt Key Plus
1. Alt – move: hold alt key while starting to move will duplicate object
..Shift Key Plus
1. Shift – Right mouse button: hold shift to pan view
2. Shfit – while moving: hold shift key while moving object to move in a straight line
3. Shift – Control – Left mouse button: hold shift-control to pan
4. Shift – Alt – left mouse button on a corner white dot: hold shift, alt while selecting a corner and move. This scales the object the same amount in all directions
5. Shift – while rotating: select object rotate symbol: will rotate object in 45 deg increments
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TinkerCAD Training
Revision V171205 Page 7 of 19
..Letter Keys
F – Fit object to view
R – Ruler
W – Work plane
..Other Keys
1. Arrow keys: nudge object one grid mark
2. Shift – arrow keys: move faster
3. Scroll – zoom in/out
2.Netfabb
https://service.netfabb.com/login.php 上载STL再下载修复后的STL。
3. Fusion 360
TinkerCAD的进一步说123D,比Sketchup好在参数建模修改容易,但不再更新。新一代的All-in-one是Fusion 360,对初创或学生免费3年。简单实例:https://all3dp.com/2/fusion-360-3d-printing-tutorial-for-beginners/
Autodesk 30天教程:https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrZ2zKOtC_-DR2ZkMaK3YthYLErPxCnT-
中文版https://www.3dzyk.cn/thread-5156-1-1.html https://help.autodesk.com/view/fusion360/CHS/?guid=GUID-27D089C0-5FC5-4AD4-841F-6E983AC99DCF 文字教程:http://www.soxitoday.com/3d打印/fusion360/d8317dd495/
4 切片软件
4.1 PrusaSlicer - 推荐,目前版本2.20
基于Slic3r用C++重写,有功能增强,目前V2.2 https://www.prusa3d.com/drivers/安装后自动运行Wizard,按数次Next后选用户定义输入打印机名,版面尺寸和温度,我的只需改喷头温度/热床温度即可(按耗材,PLA可选200/60C)。用法:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qKBkSabxD6s https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U7Om8Nr1k6Y
Import stl文件,做Slice后Export G-code,存在SD卡上插入打印机。为求最佳效果由许多版面和打印设置,如切片可预览,可导入多个物体,可移动旋转缩放复制裁切,分离添加支撑,层高等等。中文:https://realfun-3d.com/2019/11/06/patqfy-1jz/
4.2 Slic3r
下载V1.3:https://slic3r.org/ 手册:中文:http://pan.baidu.com/s/1gfO3oiR 提取码:lucf 安装时要选固件名,然后选择形状为矩形、尺寸200x200和原点(0,0),喷嘴0.4,耗材1.75,喷头温度/热床温度(按耗材,PLA选210/50C),完成。
4.3 Cura
手册:http://www.mastech3d.com/new-blog-1/2014/11/7/cura 简单的使用只要先配置一下尺度,加载文件同时切片,点击零件即可使能编辑按钮以改变尺寸或镜像等,存贮在SD上送打印。
4.4 Repetier-host
https://www.repetier.com/download-now/ 可直接运行Gcode,也是调用切片软件的GUI。用随机或标准USB电缆联机电脑和控制板,Win10会显示有设备稍后会显示正常。键入并选Device Manager,在Ports下可见串口号。安装并运行Repetier host,点击Connect按钮或Config|Printer Settings|Connection:设串口号,速率115200,Apply,可见按钮名改为Disconnect。余见1.5节。
5 软件问题
输出的G-code要用编辑器检查,特别是收索G1 Z检查Z轴增量。相关问题有:
5.1 点击Repetier的Slier|Configuration,然后在弹出的PrusaSlicer窗口中改层高并存为MySettings包括层高、Start/End G-code,回到Repetier来切片并获得熔丝长度的显示。原始20mmCubic层高为0.35/0.3,可试改为0.3/0.246。如果在弹出的窗口中加载自己的配置文件,Repetier的配置必须改为该文件,或继续用PrusaSlicer切片并Export出G-code。
5.2 单用PrusaSlicer 2.20切片Spool Holder,发现过Z起始为-0.2且有轴跳动的错误。
5.3 旧Prusa配Repetier 2.1.3有热出头设为270C的问题。需要使用Repetier 2.1.6和PrusaSlicer 2.20
5.4 有些STL如Spool Holder加载后是倒反的,将X轴转180度才能打印。但是此例总有越界错误不知何故。