1.机油
http://www.nordicgroup.us/oil.htm#The%203000%20Mile%20Myth
多种机油综合评分:https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLjT3B9r2z3fXlvbP3tb9e056Q8O5krrCW 注意若按磨损度,Amsoil和Mobil 1名列前茅。
油的闪点Flash point是液体上的蒸气在暴露于点火源时将点燃的温度。油的倾点温度Pour point是能从烧杯中倒出的最低温度,低于该温度液体将失去其流动性。流体的粘度Viscosity是在给定速率下其抗变形能力的量度。对于液体它对应于非正式的“稠度”概念,例如糖浆的粘度高于水。由下表https://www.mobil.com/en-US/Passenger-Vehicle-Lube/pds/GL-XX-Mobil-1-Extended-Performance-High-Mileage见,低温时的粘度差别较大,高温时都偏稀,闪点都偏低 - 活塞环温度多在400F(204C)以上有时可达500F(260C)。对于普通Mobil 1合成油,5W20与5W30的低温粘度也是不同的, 10W30的100C/40C粘度是10.1/63.2比High Mile的5W30还要低或等价于其5W25。而对于Havoline ProDS合成油,10W30的高温挥发最小其次是5W20。
机油5W30前后两数字分别是32F(0 °C)和212F(100 °C)下的SAE粘度Viscosity,数字越大越粘越稠流得越慢。要求低温不超过某值(不能太稠),高温不低于某值(不能太稀)。因此,0W比5W更适合寒冷天气,5W20比5W30在100C时更稀,因配方的缘故5W比10W的蒸发更多。加州有人建议老车夏天用15W40冬天用10W30,因为10W在加州不会比5W在纽约稠。硅谷夏天可达43C,xW40也比xW30好。下图粗略仅供参考,因车型而异。
上抽法换机油,见真空泵一节:http://blog.wenxuecity.com/myblog/36867/201310/23123.html
2.Filter
更新:https://www.tacomaworld.com/threads/toyota-oil-filter-made-in-thailand-vs-the-competition.123608/ 以前我建议过Pennzoil ultra或Valvoline synpower。
GS300螺纹UNF-2B 3/4-16,油滤优劣排名:90915-YZZD3、Bosch D3330、Napa Gold 1516、Mobil 1 M1-209、YZZD1;
08 ODYSSEY,螺纹M20x1.5: MP7317(20K)/ST7317(10K)均可,两者差别只在泄压阀垫是硅胶/橡胶,Champ代工。Honda的是Fram代工端面是纸。
oil filter 的原理贴: http://www.synlube.com/oilfilters.htm
==
据网友称,如果半年或7K一换的,可以用Bosch premium,Purolator PureOne;如果加倍的可以用Bosch distance plus。
http://www.bobistheoilguy.com/forums/ubbthreads.php?ubb=showflat&Number=2367134&page=all
http://www.bobistheoilguy.com/forums/ubbthreads.php?ubb=showflat&Number=2548822&page=3
Cellulose filters:
Honeywell/Subaru 152208AA12A = 473.7cm2
Wix/Napa Gold 57712/7712 = 303.4cm2
Fram Extra Guard PH6607 = 375.01cm2
Fram Tough Guard = 459.26cm2
Purolator L14612/PL14612 = 583.13cm2
Bosch 3300 = 583.13cm2
Synthetic filters:
PureOne PL20195
Fram Extended Guard XG6607 = 323.14cm2(Dual layer cellulose and Synthetic)
Mobil1 M-108 = 404.04cm2
Royal Purple 10-2876 = 248.64cm2
K&N HP-1008 = 364.08cm2
Napa Platinum 41365 = 343.14cm2
Bosch D3300 Specs:
OD: 68.32mm
Length: 74.42mm
Thread: M20x1.5, Roll-formed
Spring type: Stamped leaf
Bypass Valve: 14-18 PSID, Integrated in the end cap on the dome end
Anti Drain Back Valve: Yes, Silicone
Media type: Paper and synthetic blend
Media Surface area: 583.13cm2
Beta Ratio: Unknown
Flow Rate: Unknown
Gasket style: Square ring
Oil inlet hole/s area: Eight 4.5mm holes. 127.24mm2.
End caps: Metal
Can side thickness: .355mm
Purolator PSL14612 Specs:
OD: 68.32mm
Length: 74.42mm
Thread: M20x1.5, Roll-formed
Spring type: Stamped leaf
Bypass Valve: 14-18 PSID, Integrated in the end cap on the dome end
Anti Drain Back Valve: Yes, Silicone
Media type: Synthetic
Media Surface area: 519.48cm2
Beta Ratio: 100@25 (99.0% @ 25 microns)
Flow Rate: Unknown
Gasket style: Square ring
Oil inlet hole/s area: Eight 4.5mm holes. 127.24mm2.
End caps: Metal
Can side thickness: .355mm
http://bbs.wenxuecity.com/auto/376315.html
汽油 http://www.iask.ca/info/car/2013/0107/175682.html
机油 http://m.pcauto.com.cn/bbs/topic-2207839.html
机油滤清器 http://bbs.wenxuecity.com/auto/376315.html
http://www.bestcovery.com/best-oil-filter
实际耗油: http://www.fuelly.com/car/
3. Oil pressure gauge
Oil pressure sensor YG2221G原解放牌卡车用,双金属片滑线式,由波纹膜片和滑线电位器组成。管路油压或气压发生变化时,波纹膜片产生位移,带动电位器上的触点滑动,改变其电阻值。常见山寨的有的1年多就坏了:https://www.taobao.com/list/item/16906604967.htm Wk是告警输出<14.2psi或大于>150,G是模拟输出。无告警接头的话另一线需接地。
注意日车如GS300 Oil pressure sensor switch是BSPT 1/8螺纹,中日都有用该英国标准,差别是倒角55度28tpi而NPT是60度27tpi,公头可能旋入对方母头但须加密封胶。Ali和Ebay都有adapter:https://www.ebay.com/itm/293164383979 我用Harbor的表,其BSPT装不上GS300。这个应当好些:https://www.toyotanation.com/threads/adding-oil-pressure-gauge-to-03-1zz-fe.1729913/#post-14730966
下图座是YG2221G分压电压与PSI的Excel拟合曲线,曲线看似很好,公式完全不对。Excel给出的公式全是垃圾。原表阻值167是我拟合得出的,其它值是厂家的。
Universal:https://www.aliexpress.us/item/2251832770559551.html DIY用https://www.aliexpress.us/item/3256802494700294.html 最好,加可调告警及告警输出,这样只需加1/8 BSPT-NPT转接即可,接线见上图右。供电5V,满度输出为0.5-4.5V,对于100psi的公式为psi=25(V-0.5)。ATtiny85有10bit A/D和6个I/O脚,接I2C显示:https://www.gadgetronicx.com/attiny85-adc-tutorial-interrupts/#:
4. Fuel pressure test
Odyssey: Fuel pressure testing for modern Honda | Honda Odyssey Forum (odyclub.com)
GS300: Fuel Pressure Test: I Am Looking for the Schrader Valve on My 1999... (2carpros.com)
假设uP内上拉50K,用单线8bit ADC接三个电阻均15K,两按键S1、S0,同时按下为S2,5V供电,则有:
if v<=128 key=s0 elif v<=164 key=s2 elif v<=220 key=s1 else key=0;