[世界各民族节日]斋戒月

赖买丹月，又译拉玛丹月，是伊斯兰历第九个月，该月名字意为“禁月”，是伊斯兰教穆斯林的斋戒月，亦是12个月中最神圣者。

这个月是真主安拉（Allah，或称“阿拉”）将古兰经（Quran，或称“可兰经”）下降给穆罕默德圣人的月份。古兰经里亦明言规定符合条件之穆斯林必须于此月守斋戒，每天从日出到日落期间停止饮食、性交等活动，日落后直至晨礼（Fajr，意即“日出”）前都可正常作息吃喝，晨礼唤拜一起便又进入斋戒状态。

由于伊斯兰历是一个纯粹太阴历历法，所以与以太阳历为基准的公历相比，每个伊斯兰历年约少11天，也因此赖买丹月在公历中的开始日期每年都会推前11天，而所在季节也会按“冬→秋→夏→春”的顺序改变（如公历2010年的赖买丹月将处于夏季，2010年8月10日至2010年9月9日），大约每33个太阳历年为一循环。

贵夜（Laylat al-Qadr）是先知穆圣接受古兰经之夜，是一整年最神圣的夜晚，最有可能在斋月后10天的单数天发生。赖买丹月以开斋节收尾，当天通常会有盛宴。赖买丹月之后的闪瓦鲁月中，穆斯林通常会再斋戒6天，以求真主的喜悦及恕饶。
Ramadan (Arabic: رمضان‎ Ramaḍān, IPA: [rɑmɑˈdˤɑːn];^[variations] Persian: ‎ Ramazān; Urdu: ‎ Ramzān; Turkish: Ramazan) is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar;^[4] Muslims worldwide observe this as a month of fasting.^[5][6] This annual observance is regarded as one of the Five Pillars of Islam.^[7] The month lasts 29–30 days based on the visual sightings of the crescent moon, according to numerous biographical accounts compiled in hadiths.^[8][9] The word Ramadan comes from the Arabic root ramida or ar-ramad, which means scorching heat or dryness.^[10] Fasting is wajib (obligatory) for adult Muslims, except those who are ill, travelling or going through menstrual bleeding.^[11]

While fasting from dawn until sunset Muslims refrain from consuming food, drinking liquids, smoking and sexual relations; and in some interpretations from swearing.^[12][13] According to Islam, the sawab (rewards) of fasting are many, but in this month they are believed to be multiplied.^[14] Fasting for Muslims during Ramadan typically includes the increased offering of salat (prayers) and recitation of the Quran