[世界各民族节日]Hanukkah 光明节

光明节（希伯来语：חֲנֻכָּה‎或חנוכה‎），又称修殿节、献殿节、烛光节、马加比节等，是一个犹太教节日。该节日乃纪念犹太人在马加比家族的领导下，从叙利亚塞琉古王朝国王安条克四世手上夺回耶路撒冷，并重新将耶路撒冷第二圣殿献给上帝。该节日自西元前165年开始为犹太教所信守，节期为犹太历的基斯流月。

Hanukkah (Hebrew: חֲנֻכָּה, Tiberian: Ḥănukkāh, usually spelled חנוכה, pronounced [χanuˈka] in Modern Hebrew; a transliteration also romanized as Chanukah, Chanukkah or Chanuka), also known as the Festival of Lights, is an eight-day Jewish holiday commemorating the rededication of the Holy Temple (the Second Temple) in Jerusalem at the time of the Maccabean Revolt of the 2nd century BCE. Hanukkah is observed for eight nights and days, starting on the 25th day of Kislev according to the Hebrew calendar, which may occur at any time from late November to late December in the Gregorian calendar.

The festival is observed by the kindling of the lights of a unique candelabrum, the nine-branched Menorah or Hanukiah, one additional light on each night of the holiday, progressing to eight on the final night. The typical Menorah consists of eight branches with an additional raised branch. The extra light is called a shamash (Hebrew: שמש‎, "attendant")^[1] and is given a distinct location, usually above or below the rest. The purpose of the shamash is to have a light available for use, as using the Hanukkah lights themselves is forbidden