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弗朗索瓦·库普兰(法文:François Couperin,1668年11月10日-1733年9月12日),法国著名的音乐家族库普兰家族成员,作曲家路易·库普兰的侄子,巴洛克时期著名作曲家,也是最伟大的羽管键琴音乐家。他是库普兰家族诸位音乐家中最有盛名的,因此被称为“大库普兰”(le Grand Couperin),还有人将“法国键盘音乐之父”的荣誉加在他头上。
弗朗索瓦·库普兰1668年生于巴黎,父亲是在巴黎圣-热尔韦(Saint-Gervais)教堂担任管风琴师的夏尔·库普兰。他跟随父亲学习管风琴直到12岁时父亲去世。德拉朗德(Michel-Richard Delalande)继承了他父亲的位置。弗朗索瓦·库普兰跟随雅克·托梅兰学艺并开始代理德拉朗德演奏,18岁时教区行政团指定弗朗索瓦·库普兰继承父业,担任教堂管风琴师。1693年托梅兰去世,弗朗索瓦·库普兰接替他成为凡尔赛宫皇家教堂管风琴师,称“国王的管风琴师”(organiste du Roi)。次年成为王室成员的羽管键琴教师。1702年受封为“罗马骑士”并获得“拉特朗骑士勋章”,称“德·库普兰骑士”。1717年获得“国王室内乐团”羽管键琴师的职位(ordinaire de la musique de la chambre du Roi)。
弗朗索瓦·库普兰早婚,长女玛丽·玛德琳(Marie-Madeleine,1690年-1742年)加入了宗教团体,同时也是位业余的管风琴演奏者;次女玛格丽特-安托瓦内特(Marguerite-Antoinette,1705年-1778年)成为音乐家,1730年继承父位成为“国王室内乐团”羽管键琴师;儿子弗朗索瓦-洛朗(François-Laurent)早夭。1733年,弗朗索瓦·库普兰将巴黎圣-热尔韦教堂管风琴师的职位传给侄子尼古拉。同年9月12日,弗朗索瓦·库普兰在巴黎去世,葬于圣-欧斯塔什教区的圣约瑟教堂。
弗朗索瓦·库普兰的音乐经常被形容是“高贵的”,“温柔的”,“有教养的”,“诗一般的”,“华丽的”。他的拥护者(大多为贵族)把他看成是一颗经过琢磨的宝石。反对他的人(大多为平民)说他是矫情的,轻浮的,迎合人的,作品中频繁使用装饰音而显得不自然。
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François Couperin (French pronunciation: [fʀɑ̃swa kuˈpʀɛ̃]) (10 November 1668 – 11 September 1733) was a French Baroque composer, organist and harpsichordist. François Couperin was known as "Couperin le Grand" (Couperin the Great) to distinguish him from the other members of the musically talented Couperin family.
Couperin was born in Paris. He was taught by his father, Charles Couperin, who died when François was 10, and by Jacques Thomelin. In 1685 he became the organist at the church of Saint-Gervais, Paris, a post he inherited from his father and that he would pass on to his cousin, Nicolas Couperin. Other members of the family would hold the same position in later years. In 1693 Couperin succeeded his teacher Thomelin as organist at the Chapelle Royale (Royal Chapel) with the title organiste du Roi, organist by appointment to the King. This was the Sun King, Louis XIV.
In 1717 Couperin became court organist and composer, with the title ordinaire de la musique de la chambre du Roi. With his colleagues, Couperin gave a weekly concert, typically on Sunday. Many of these concerts were in the form of suites for violin, viol, oboe, bassoon and harpsichord, on which he was a virtuoso player.
Couperin died in
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