雕塑佛看世界
大千世界，趣闻横生，细细品尝，回味无穷。
新中国成立之初，百废待兴，然而，西方敌对势力对这个新生政权极端仇视，进行各种捣乱和破坏，其在华渗透多年的地下组织——“圣母军”，就充当了破坏新中国的危先锋。为保卫新生的共和国，中国果断出手，一举摧毁了“圣母军”。
中国“圣母军”始于1930年
“圣母军”又称“圣母御侍团”，1921年9月成立于爱尔兰都柏林。“圣母军”总部设在都柏林，其成员加入时，要经过申请、试练，成绩合格才能宣誓入册。“圣母军”团员分正式团员、荣誉团员、辅助团员、御侍团员，御侍团员系“圣母军”核心成员。“圣母军”总部编写了一本《圣母军手册》，作为该组织的“最高读物”。该手册长达300多页，中文版系原梵蒂冈驻华公使黎培里的秘书陈哲敏翻译而成，并在中国翻印数次，印数达2万余册。“圣母军”敌视共产党，反对社会主义，公然声称:“在社会主义国家里，要毁灭罪恶的通知，推翻它的基础，在它的残碑碣里竖起基督神圣的旗帜。”据有关史料记载，中国一直是“圣母军”发展的重点地区。“圣母军”最早在1930年就派爱尔兰籍的神父莫克勤来中国发展成员。1930年6月，莫克勤到湖北，以传教的名义在汉阳建立了活动据点。到1937年他在湖北潜江秘密组织了5个支团，成员达到千人。由于在湖北发展“圣母军”成效显著，1946年12月莫克勤被“圣母军”总部召回去接受专门训练。1948年，莫克勤就派到美国考察、研究，并于美国情报机构有所接触，还参加过华盛顿、旧金山等地”圣母军”的集会。解放战争末期，西方敌对势力及“圣母军”眼见共产党领导的解放战争节节胜利，焦急万分。为此，黎培里电召莫克勤来中国，要他统领中国各地的“圣母军”组织，与新中国对抗。
上海是“圣母军”在华总部
1948年夏，莫克勤风尘仆仆来到中国。他和黎培里联系后决定以宗教为掩护，大力扩展“圣母军”，并在中国上海岳阳路197号成立了“天主教中央局”，其公开组织叫“中国天主教教务协进会”。莫克勤、沈士贤为总部负责人。莫克勤上任后，对共产党组织及其军队的日益壮大很是担忧，他与黎培里密商后，一致认为应赶快在全国各地，尤其是人口密度大的地区扩展“圣母军”组织，以阻止共产党在各地的发展。
黎、莫在平津活动期间，还极力鼓动两市“圣母军”成员大力支持即将垮台的蒋介石政权，并指使“天主教文化协会”等团体公开发表坚决用户蒋政权的通电。
华北解放后，人民解放军长驱直入，黎培里又指使莫克勤在两广、四川等地突击发展“圣母军”组织。短短时间里，莫克勤在上述地区建立了28个“圣母军”区会，400余个支团，4次印刷《圣母军手册》1.2万册及各种反共宣传品十余种。1949年6月，黎培里见共产党和人民解放军很受民众和许多天主教徒拥护，深感不安。为阻止这一态势蔓延，他于7月1日下发了《罗马圣职部命令》，其主要内容有四:一、参加共产党对共产党表示热忱不合法。共产党的领袖们虽然不反宗教，而事实上在理论或实际上是仇视的。二、出版、宣传或阅读载有共产党理论或行动的书籍、杂志、报章，或在那些刊物上写文章，是不合法的，应依法禁止。三、凡做过以上两项事情的教徒，照通常原则，不得参与圣餐祭礼。四、信仰共产党唯物主义、反宗教理论的教徒，要受到驱逐出教的特别处分。这个密令下发后，“圣母军”与共产党的对抗加剧，同时也引起进步宗教人士的强烈不满。
煽动教徒对抗共产党政权
新中国成立后，莫克勤根据黎培里的指示，在全国成立了3个分会:即“圣母军”上海分会，分管华东、中南、西南地区；“圣母军”北京分会，管辖华北、西北地区；“圣母军”天津分会，管辖东北、山东地区。显然，黎培里、莫克勤看到中国共产党夺取了全国政权，便改换策略，意图通过渗透到中国社会方方面面进行破坏、捣乱，使新生的人民共和国崩溃或难以转运。1950年美国间谍阴谋炮轰天安门案就与黎培里有牵连，事实上，他和在华的许多美国间谍都有密切联系。意籍神甫马迪懦是炮击天安门案主犯之一，同时是黎培里派驻北京的“教廷公使代表”。马迪懦被捕时，在其寓所内，搜出他所隐藏的迫击炮弹、步枪子弹、手枪子弹等259发，手榴弹8枚，迫击炮弹弹头和底火、兵器零件等273件，以及他为李安东、黎培里搜集的情报底稿多件。1951年3月31日，黎培里致信各地“圣母军”头目、天主教主教、反对教友对共产党组织、地方政府合作，反对天主教教会开展三自（自治、自养、自传）爱国活动，并谴责南京宗座代牧李维光签名的《反帝爱国宣言》。同年4月，他再次发出密信，以更强的语气告诫下属:以直接或间接的方式推翻他们的权威，不听命令者将会受到严惩。“圣母军”还印制了攻击、丑化共产党和新中国的宣传读物《恐怖的共产主义》、《现代问题解答》20余万册，陆续派人到各地煽动地下组织成员抵制、破坏土地改革、抗美援朝、天主教教徒的爱国三自运动，甚至计划实施暴力恐怖活动，谋害地方党政军负责人。新政府果断出击
“圣母军”地下组织的阴谋活动，对新中国的稳定与安全构成了威胁。1951年7月15日，《人民日报》发表了短评《保护正当的信仰自由，取缔反革命的“圣母军”》，正式在全国吹响了打击“圣母军”的号角。
天津是“圣母军”地下组织活动猖獗的地区，摧毁“圣母军”的战斗首先在这里打响。1951年7月，天津市军事管制委员会主任黄敬签署并发布了第21号布告，宣布对“圣母军”予以取缔，天津市公安局依法逮捕了法籍“圣母军”头目文贵宾及的“圣母军”华北分会会长邓华光等人。得知天津“圣母军”遭取缔，在上海总部的莫克勤惶恐不安，他与沈士贤连续在其总部召开秘密会议，研究对抗的办法和措施。“圣母军”头目们的捣乱与垂死挣扎，激起了广大民众的极大愤慨，他们通过各种途径向党和政府举报“圣母军”总部的违法行为，并强烈要求摧毁“圣母军”在上海岳阳路的总部。1951年9月，上海公安机关先后将沈士贤、陈哲敏、莫克勤等意大利籍破坏分子苏冠明等人抓捕，并缴获一批武器和特工器材。山东、浙江、湖北、广东等地也雷厉风行地展开了捣毁“圣母军”的斗争。
莫克勤被逮捕后，对自己所犯罪行供认不讳。1954年5月1日，被关押了两年多的莫克勤被中国政府驱逐出境。至于披着“教廷驻华公使”外衣的黎培里，则于1951年9月4日，被南京市军管会永远驱逐出境。
当时他们要能及时唱红歌，就没事了!
值得相信吗？说实话我曾经相信过1950年代GCD关于圣母军的指控，等到经历文革知道党中央如何炮制刘少奇及其他人的专案，我宁可相信西方的说法了。如果说救世军事一支搞武装颠覆的准军事部队，在美国会遭人贻笑的，这是我对圣母军的认识。网上并不缺乏资料，甚至包括了《圣母军手册》的完全版本，查一查在发表，比较符合事实一些。
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legion_of_Mary
For the band, see Legion of Mary (band). For the album, see Legion of Mary: The Jerry Garcia Collection, Vol. 1. For the new religious movement in Africa, see Legio Maria.
The Legion of Mary (Latin: Legio Mariae) is an association of Catholic laity who serve the Church on a voluntary basis.[1] It was founded in Dublin, Ireland, as a Roman Catholic Marian Movement by layman Frank Duff. Today between active and auxiliary (praying) members there are in excess of 10 million members worldwide making it the largest apostolic organization of lay people in the Catholic Church.[2] Membership is highest in South Korea, Philippines, Brazil, Argentina and the Democratic Republic of Congo. These countries have between 250,000 and 500,000 members each.[3]
To be in the Legion of Mary, one must be a practising Catholic. Active members serve God under the banner of Mary by practising the Spiritual Works of Mercy. The main apostolate of the Legion consists in activities directed towards all men and women, young and old, rich and poor as well as people from the margins of society (homeless, prostitutes, prisoners etc.) and towards non-Catholics. The members of the Legion are primarily engaged in the performance of the Spiritual Works of Mercy rather than works of material aid.[4]
The Legion of Mary was founded by Frank Duff on September 7, 1921 in Dublin[5]. His idea was to help Catholic laypeople fulfill their baptismal promises and be able to live their dedication to the Church in an organised structure, supported by fraternity and prayer.
The legionaries first started out by visiting hospitals, but they were soon active among the most destitute, notably among Dublin prostitutes. Frank Duff subsequently laid down the system of the Legion in the Handbook of the Legion of Mary in 1928.
The Legion of Mary soon spread from Ireland to other countries and continents. At first, the Legion often met with mistrust due to its dedication to lay apostolate which was unusual for the time. Only after Pope Pius XI expressed praise for the Legion in 1931, could such mistrust be quelled.
Most prominent for spreading the Legion was the Irish legionary Edel Mary Quinn for her activities in Africa during the 1930s and 40s. Her dedication to the mission of the Legion even in the face of her ill health due to tuberculosis brought her great admiration in- and outside of the Legion. A canonization process is currently under way for Edel Quinn and a beatification process is currently underway for Frank Duff.
Membership in Ireland had been declining but due to efforts by the Concilium to attract younger people to its ranks through the Deus et Patria movement a substantial increase in membership has now occurred.
The organization of the Legion is modelled on the Roman Army, starting with the praesidium as its smallest unit, and going up from there. The praesidium, usually a group of 4-20 members, meets weekly in its parish. The Curia is the next level up, and one Curia supervises several Praesidia. The next level is the Comitium, which is in charge of several Curiae, usually over an area like a big city or a part of a province. The following level is the Regia, in charge of larger territories like a province or state (in the U.S.). The Senatus is the next highest level, and it generally has control over the Regiae in a very large area, usually a country or very large territory. The Concilium is the highest level. It has its seat in Dublin, Ireland, and has control over all of the Legion.
Each level of the Legion of Mary has the same officers: The President, the Vice President, the Secretary, the Treasurer, and the Spiritual director. The latter must be a priest or a religious. All other offices are held by laymen or -women.
[edit] Membership
[edit] Entering and leaving the Legion
Membership is open to all baptized Catholics. After visiting a praesidium a few times, one can join the legion as a probationary member. This probationary membership lasts for three months, after which he or she has to decide whether to join the Legion as an active member permanently. During the probationary period, probationary members learn about the legion system by reading the Handbook of the Legion of Mary and its active works by listening to reports of active works undertaken by fellow legionaries. At the end of probationary period, members say an oath of "Legion promise", a pledge of allegiance to the Holy Spirit and to Mary, in order to become a permanent active member. Membership in the Legion of Mary is essentially based on discipline and commitment. Members devote their time and prayer for the intentions of Mary, Mother of God. Members can withdraw from the Legion by informing the president of his or her praesidium.
[edit] Types of membership
Active members: They regularly attend the weekly sessions of their praesidium and pray daily the prayer of the Legion, the Catena Legionis, which consists essentially of the Magnificat and some shorter prayers. Their main role lies in active apostolate for the Legion and the Church. Active members under the age of 18 are not allowed to give the "Legion promise" until they turn 18. Members 18 and under are considered Juniors, and are able to hold any office except President in their praesidium. Above the level of the praesidium, no Junior may serve as an officer.
Auxiliary members: They support the Legion through their prayer. They pray the whole booklet of Legion prayers, the Tessera, every day. The Tessera consists of the Invocation, prayers to the Holy Spirit, the Rosary, the Catena, and the concluding prayers of the Tessera.
Praetorians: This is a higher grade of active membership. In addition to their duties as active members, Pretorians pray the Rosary, the Divine Office and go to Holy Mass daily.
Adjutorians: A higher grade of auxiliary membership. Adjutorians additionally pray the Divine Office and go to Holy Mass daily.
Praetorians and Adjutors do not have higher status or higher rank inside the Legion system. The meaning of these grades is only a desire for a more devotional life, not for higher status. Entering the grade is done by registering with a list of Praetorians/Adjutors and by subsequently observing their duties.