个人资料
不很明了 (热门博主)
  • 博客访问:
归档
正文

中国“战狼”外交引发愤怒,威胁习近平国际地位

(2020-04-22 09:43:43) 下一个

中国“战狼”外交引发愤怒,威胁习近平国际地位

 

China’s Aggressive Diplomacy Weakens Xi Jinping’s Global Standing

In the past week officials in France, Britain and nearly two dozen African nations have rebuked actions or statements by the Chinese government.

 

 

中国最高领导人习近平用新型冠状病毒大流行的机会巩固了自己在国内的政治权力,但共产党达到这一目标所利用的工具正在威胁中国的国际地位。
中国要求他国对习近平处理新冠病毒大流行的方式给予效忠般的赞美,作为中国提供医疗用品和专业知识的代价。它指责西方国家未能保护好自己的人民,对外使用通常保留给国内听众的尖酸刻薄的语言,引发了外界的愤怒。
过去一周里,法国、英国和近20多个非洲国家的官员都谴责了中国政府的行动或说法。习近平政府现已被指责虚伪、傲慢,故意让新冠病毒的起源模糊不清,还拿中国对新冠病毒的反应作对比,把西方政府描绘成低效无能的样子。
政府加强习近平在国内地位的努力,正在让中国向处于疫情最新前线的国家派遣专家、运送医疗物资所产生的善意付之东流。

China’s top leader, Xi Jinping, has used the coronavirus pandemicto shore up his political power at home, but the tools the Communist Party has exploited to do this are threatening China’s international standing.

China has demanded fealty and praise of Mr. Xi’s handling of the pandemic as a price for the country’s provision of medical supplies and expertise. It has accused Western countries of failing to protect their people, unleashing vitriol usually preserved for domestic audiences on the world, provoking anger.

In the past week officials in France, Britain and nearly two dozen African nations have rebuked actions or statements by the Chinese government. Mr. Xi’s government has now been accused of hypocrisy and hubris, for obfuscating the origins of the coronavirus and for portraying Western governments as ineffectual compared to China’s own response.

The state’s efforts to bolster Mr. Xi’s standing at home are undercutting any good will that China had generated by sending experts and medical supplies to countries on the newest front lines of the pandemic.

 

 

“毫无疑问,这场危机过后,我们不可能一切照常,我们将不得不提出一些尖锐的问题,比如这场危机是如何发生的,如何能更早地阻止危机的发生,”英国外交大臣多米尼克·拉布(Dominic Raab)周四说。

“There’s no doubt: We can’t have business as usual after this crisis, and we’ll have to ask the hard questions about how it came about and about how it could’ve been stopped earlier,” Britain’s foreign minister, Dominic Raab, said on Thursday.

 

危机对习近平全球野心的持久影响可能是深远的。中国与美国的关系已经降到了最低点,尽管习近平与特朗普总统已达成一个口头上的休战。现在有证据表明,新冠病毒大流行正在迫使其他国家重新考虑与中国的关系。
出于对中国可靠性的担忧,日本承诺提供20亿美元的资金帮助企业将生产转移到中国以外的地方。法国总统埃马纽埃尔·马克龙(Emmanuel Macron)对中国的做法可被民主国家效法提出了质疑,辩驳了习近平的追随者试图制造的有利于中国的陈述。马克龙在接受英国《金融时报》采访时说,“我们不要那么天真,以至于会说,中国在处理这个问题上做得更好。”
中国的官媒把习近平描绘成一位稳重、有力而又仁慈的领导者,带领国家赢得了抗击这场大流行病的“人民战争”。但是,中国外交官们越来越好斗的民族主义口吻已在世界上激起了敌意。

 

The lasting effect on Mr. Xi’s global ambitions could be profound. China’s relationship with the United States has already cratered, despite a rhetorical truce reached between Mr. Xi and President Trump. Now there is evidence the pandemic is forcing other countries to rethink relations.

Japan has pledged $2 billion to help companies move their production out of China because of concerns about the country’s reliability. President Emmanuel Macron of France questioned whether China’s response was a model for democracies to follow, disputing the narrative Mr. Xi’s acolytes have tried to spin. “Let’s not be so naïve as to say it’s been much better at handling this,” he said in an interview with The Financial Times.

China’s state media portray Mr. Xi as a steady, forceful and yet benevolent leader who has guided the country through a “people’s war” against the pandemic. The increasingly combative, nationalist tone of his diplomats, though, has stirred hostility.

 

 

中国驻法国大使馆在其网站上发文,指责西方政府未能保护他们最脆弱的群体,任由养老院的老人被遗弃后成批死亡。

China’s embassy in France posted a statement on its website accusing Western governments of failing to protect their most vulnerable, letting the residents of nursing homes die abandoned.

 

“他们在国内的运作方式影响了他们在国际上的运作方式,”加州大学圣迭戈分校21世纪中国研究中心主任谢淑丽(Susan L. Shirk)说。
这意味着不容异议,控制信息流动,强调中共的核心领导作用,很少(或者说几乎从来不)承认错误。

“How they operate domestically spills over into how they operate internationally,” said Susan L. Shirk, the chairwoman of the 21st Century China Center at the University of California, San Diego.

That means brooking no dissent, controlling the flow of information, emphasizing the central role of the Communist Party leadership and rarely, if ever, acknowledging mistakes.

 

习近平与世界上许多国家的领导人通了电话,在电话中他重复了这样的观点:病毒没有国界;全世界应该团结起来共同抗疫;中国已在抗疫中扭转了局面,并愿意分享从中得来的专业知识和经验。
据北京对这些通话的官方描述,一些领导人对中国以及习近平对中国的统治表达了相同的观点,通常使用了惊人相似的语言。
“中国人民经过英勇努力,战胜了疫情,为世界树立了榜样,”土耳其总统雷杰普·塔伊普·埃尔多安(Recep Tayyip Erdogan)上周对习近平说。

Mr. Xi, in his many calls with counterparts around the world, has repeated the same points. The coronavirus pandemic knows no borders. The world should unite to fight it. China has turned the tide in its fight and was willing to share its expertise and experience.

And, according to Beijing’s official accounts of his calls, some leaders make the same points about China and Mr. Xi’s rule over it, often with strikingly similar language.

“Through heroic efforts, the Chinese people have beat their epidemic, and established a model for the world,” Turkey’s president, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, told him last week.

 

或者如阿根廷总统阿尔韦托·费尔南德斯(Alberto Fernandez)两天后说的那样,“中国在疫情防控中展现出强大领导力和创造力,为阿根廷树立了榜样。”

Or as President Alberto Fernández of Argentina described it two days later, “China has set an example for Argentina in the strong leadership and creativity it has demonstrated in containing the epidemic.”

 

在习近平领导下,中国政府不想只是应对几十年来最严重的国际危机,还想让外国领导人在公众对中共处理疫情方式表示强烈不满时,出来为中共站台。
中国的外交越来越具有交易性质。“基本上,给予援助是以这些国家承认中国防控疫情的模式为交换条件的,”北京的独立政治分析人士吴强表示。他说,还有一个假定,那就是这些国家“不谴责中国,也不会追究中国对疫情的责任”。

Under Mr. Xi, the government does not simply want to manage the worst international crisis in decades but also have foreign leaders play a part in shoring up the Communist Party at a time when it has faced intense public discontent over its handling of the outbreak.

Chinese diplomacy, increasingly, has a transactional quality. “Basically, assistance has been given in exchange for these countries’ recognition of China’s model of the epidemic prevention and control,” said Wu Qiang, an independent political analyst in Beijing. He said that also presumed that countries would “not condemn China or hold China accountable for the outbreak.”

 

 

中国还要求国外公众对中国提供的医疗用品表示感激之情,而就在几个月前,中国出于面子曾敦促欧洲和美国官员淡化他们对中国的援助。中国驻芝加哥领事馆的一名官员还曾要求威斯康星州的一名州议员,起草一份承认中国抗击病毒努力的决议。
这些官方陈述像每日源源不断的宣传一样,一般来说,起到了加强习近平在国内地位的作用,让他在国人眼里是一位高效的总司令。同样,以迟缓、混乱不堪来描绘世界,尤其是美国对疫情的反应,也起到了这种作用。
中国的努力也暴露了其信息中的矛盾。它抨击世界各地的反华情绪和种族主义表现的同时,对国内的种族主义行为视而不见,甚至有批评人士称,政府助长了国内的种族主义行为,包括禁止外国人去餐馆和其他公共场所,把非洲人赶出他们在广州的家。

China has also demanded public expressions of appreciation for medical supplies it has sent only months after urging European and American officials to play down their own aid to save face. An official in China’s consulate in Chicago pressed a lawmaker in Wisconsin to draft a resolution supporting China’s efforts to fight the virus.

Such statements have, like the daily buffet of propaganda generally, bolstered Mr. Xi’s standing at home, casting him as an effective commander in chief. So have efforts to portray the world’s response to the pandemic as belated and shambolic, especially in the United States.

China’s efforts have exposed the contradictions in its own message. It has lashed out at manifestations of anti-Chinese sentiment and racism around the world while turning a blind eye to — and even, critics say, encouraged — racist behavior at home, including barring foreigners from restaurants and other public places and expelling Africans from their homes in Guangzhou.

 

后者在加纳、肯尼亚和尼日利亚等国引发了一场不同寻常的公开批评浪潮,一些非洲国家驻北京大使还递交了一封抗议信

 

在上周的一次例行记者会上,中国外交部发言人赵立坚否认了采取专门针对非洲人的做法,他说,限制措施适用于所有的外国人,尤其是那些从国外回来的人。
这些限制措施也给许多普通中国人留下了这样一种印象,即新冠病毒威胁现在来自外国,尽管许多回国的都是中国公民。这使宣传机器得以将人们的注意力从病毒是去年年底在武汉暴发的事实上转移开来,把政府现在的做法描述为必要的预防措施。

 

The latter prompted an unusual flurry of public criticism in countries like Ghana, Kenya and Nigeria, as well as a letter of protest from African ambassadors in Beijing.

A spokesman for China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Zhao Lijian, denied at a briefing this week that Africans were targeted specifically, saying that restrictive measures have been imposed on all foreigners, especially those returning from abroad.

Those restrictions have also left the impression among many ordinary Chinese that the coronavirus threat was now a foreign one, even though many of those returning were Chinese citizens. That allows the propaganda machine to deflect attention from the actual origin of the outbreak in Wuhan late last year and portray the government’s actions as necessary precautions.

 

 

 

赵立坚上个月曾提出一个阴谋论,认为可能是美国军队把新冠病毒带到了武汉。赵立坚是在北京崭露头角——并似乎赢得了影响地位——的几名外交官之一,他们在维护中国形象和攻击他人方面采取了更激进的策略。
这种所谓的“战狼”外交——《战狼》是2015年和2017年上映的两部沙文主义动作片的名子——上周四获得了中共民族主义喉舌《环球时报》的认可。“让中国唯唯诺诺的日子一去不复返了,”该报英文版的一篇文章宣称,还说西方外交官已经“体面丧尽”。
这种新的咄咄逼人的语气——谢淑丽等人认为这是习近平的指令——有疏远其他国家、引发中国常常指控他国那样将突发公共卫生事件政治化的风险。

Mr. Zhao, who last month floated a conspiracy theory that the United States Army might have brought the coronavirus to Wuhan, is one of a number of Chinese diplomats who have gained prominence — and apparently influence — in Beijing by pursuing a much more aggressive strategy to defend China’s image and attack others.

This “Wolf Warrior” diplomacy — named after two jingoistic action films released in 2015 and 2017 — won an endorsement on Thursday from The Global Times, a nationalistic organ of the Communist Party. “The days when China can be put in a submissive position are long gone,” the newspaper declared, adding that Western diplomats had fallen “into disgrace.”

This newly aggressive tone — which Ms. Shirk and others attributed to Mr. Xi’s directives — risks alienating countries and provoking accusations like those China often makes about politicizing a public health emergency.

 

上个月,巴西总统雅伊尔·博索纳罗(Jair Bolsonaro)的儿子爱德华多(Eduardo)把这场危机称为中国的“切尔诺贝利”,那是1986年发生在苏联的一场核灾难。中国驻巴西大使馆对此表达了强烈不满。

 

欧盟最高外交政策官员何塞普·博雷利(Josep Borrell)最近发文指责中国挑起一场“叙事战”,包括使用“抹黑欧盟”,以及“让欧洲人背上黑名,好像他们都是病毒携带者”的手法。
在荷兰、西班牙和捷克共和国抱怨从中国购买的医疗物资质量不合格后,欧盟特意对台湾捐赠口罩的做法表示了感谢,这在以前会被认为有冒犯北京的风险。

 

In Brazil, China’s embassy bitterly complained last month when President Jair Bolsonaro’s son, Eduardo, called the crisis China’s Chernobyl, after the Soviet nuclear disaster in 1986.

The European Union’s top foreign policy official, Josep Borrell, called out China in a recent statement for stoking a “battle of the narratives” that included “attempts to discredit the E.U.” and “some instances where Europeans have been stigmatized as if all were carriers of the virus.”

After the Netherlands, Spain and the Czech Republic complained about buying substandard medical supplies from China, the European Union made a point of thanking Taiwan for its donation of masks, a gesture that would previously have been considered too risky for fear of offending Beijing.

 

 

 
“他们的做法在很多地方——东亚、南亚、欧洲、非洲——正在造成不好的影响,”德国马歇尔基金会(German Marshall Fund)高级研究员安德鲁·斯莫尔(Andrew Small)在接受电话采访时说。
甚至一些曾经对习近平的中国友好的国家,最近也发起猛烈抨击。
意大利民族主义政治人物马泰奥·萨尔维尼(Matteo Salvini)上月底说,如果中国在早期故意掩盖了新冠病毒的传播,那相当于构成了反人类罪。“那些让全世界感染病毒的人不能被当成救世主,”他在议会的讲话中说,并把这些话发到了Twitter上。

“East Asia, South Asia, Europe, Africa — there are so many places where what they are doing is having a damaging effect,” Andrew Small, a senior research fellow with the German Marshall Fund, said in a telephone interview.

Even some countries that had been friendly toward Mr. Xi’s China have recently lashed out.

Italy’s nationalist politician, Matteo Salvini, said late last month that if China deliberately covered up the initial spread of the coronavirus it would amount to a crime against humanity. “Those who have infected the world cannot be made saviors,” he said in remarks in Parliament that he posted on Twitter.

 

 

Links: 

https://cn.nytimes.com/china/20200420/coronavirus-china-xi-jinping/

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/17/world/asia/coronavirus-china-xi-jinping.html?smid=nytcore-ios-share

 

 

[ 打印 ]
阅读 ()评论 (0)
评论
目前还没有任何评论
登录后才可评论.