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机械 生物 运动 医学
机器人 嵌入式人的产生
嵌入式人的产生
嵌入式人是下一个三十年的主题 估计在2030可以实现
先谈谈什么是嵌入式人
嵌入式人是指用先进的生物医学技术 使人类的普通人的器官得以随意替换 从而使人的寿命延长 如果按生物界一般寿命是成长期的六到七倍 那么人的一般寿命
应该是150岁左右 然而就人类社会的发展 到第二次世界大战结束 仅半个多世纪的和平时期 人类人口的迅速膨胀 使资源和生物发生了巨大的灾难性的变化 并且越来越
向着毁灭的边缘发展 势头之凶猛难以想象 过去说的臭氧大气层的破坏到现在的
全球变暖效应 然而生物医学技术在不断发展 人通过寿命150会最终被突破
然而在向着这个目标进发的同时你也必须关注另外一种经济现象的出现
那就是 Trellionair 的产生 象现在的 Billionair 一样 但是一个重要的不同是
不相现在的 Billionair 当寿命作为一个指标 那么 Billionair 和 Millionair
没有什么差别 到那时 Trellionair 可以都有 150 的寿命 而相反超过百分之
六十的人口的平均寿命则低于六十岁 这只是对下一个寿命突破的一种情况的猜测
这种猜测有很多版本 不一一列举 但有一点是可以肯定的 以美国为例
到那时现在的下层阶层中产阶层将全部消亡 代之以百分之七十的人口劳动阶层
具有技能甚至高级技能 但寿命平均不到60岁 他们多数是工作劳累而亡
也就是现在的健康体系只能维持百分之七十的人口活不到60岁 换来的是百分之十的人有150 的寿命 和不到
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Scientists create beating hearts in lab
By Julie Steenhuysen
Sun Jan 13, 2:41 PM ET
U.S. researchers say they have coaxed hearts from dead rats to beat again in the laboratory and said the discovery may one day lead to customized organ transplants for people.
"The hope would be we could generate an organ that matched your body," said Doris Taylor of the University of Minnesota Center for Cardiovascular Repair.
Her study, which appeared on Sunday in the journal Nature Medicine, offers a way to fulfill the promise of using stem cells -- the body's master cells -- to grow tailor-made organs for transplant.
Taylor and colleagues used a process called decellularization to wash away existing cells from the hearts of dead rats while leaving the basic collagen structure intact.
They injected this gelatin-like scaffold with heart cells from newborn rats, fed them a nutrient-rich solution and left them in the lab to grow.
Four days later, the hearts started to contract.
The researchers used a pacemaker to coordinate the contractions. They hooked up the hearts to a pump so they were being filled with fluids and added a bit of pressure to simulate blood pressure.
Eight days later, the hearts started to pump.
"I have got to tell you, that was the home run," Taylor said in a telephone interview.
HEALING HEARTS
Like many researchers, Taylor and colleagues had been working on a stem cell therapy to try to heal hearts damaged by heart attacks.
A British team last month said they generated mature, beating heart cells from embryonic stem cells that could be used to make a heart patch.
Others have tried injecting heart stem cells directly into the scarred heart in the hopes of regenerating damaged tissue.
The Minnesota team took another approach.
"We recognized that nature has created the perfect scaffold and wondered whether there is a way in the lab to give nature the tools and get out of the way," Taylor said.
She and colleague Dr. Harold Ott, who is now at Massachusetts General Hospital, knew that decellularization already had been used in making tissue heart valves and blood vessels and decided to try it on whole organs.
They did the process with rat and pig hearts. But they only reported on the regeneration of the rat hearts.
"We hung these organs in the lab and we washed out all the cells. When you are done, you have this thing that looks like a ghost tissue," Taylor said.
The scaffold is made up of collagen, fibronectin and laminin.
The researchers chose immature heart cells because they thought these were most likely to work.
"The hope ultimately -- although we've got a ways to go -- is that we could take a scaffold from a pig or a cadaver and then take stem or progenitor cells from your body and actually grow a self-derived organ," she said.
Taylor said the process could be used on other organs, offering a potential new source of donor organs. It also could lead to organs that, in theory, would be less likely to be rejected by the body.
Nearly 50,000 people in the United States die each year waiting for a donor heart.
"This is an ingenious step towards solving a massive problem," Dr. Tim Chico of Britain's University of Sheffield said in a statement. "This study is very preliminary, but it does show that stem cells can regrow in the 'skeleton' of a donor heart."
(Editing by Maggie Fox and Xavier Briand)
实际情况是人类平均寿命的延长主要是因为出生死亡率的下降.值的注意的是,寿命是基因调控的,主要是遗传决定的.这就是为什么四处流浪还活了72岁,丘吉尔烟不离手,活了90多岁吧.根据笔者以前的从医经历,觉得多病的人不一定寿命短,实际情况也是如此.
那么,寿命基因程序可不可以逆转乃至于控制? 当然可以,问题是寿命与智力,生活质量等紧密的联系在一起,此起彼必然伏,到头来得不偿失.
况且,富不过三代, 经济学告诉我们, 人类的资源,包括可见和不可见的,不断地剧烈地甚至是无序的再分配,这也是经济发展的根本动力.举例说明,克林顿的信息经济打早了几百万millionnares,布什时代的经济再创新,主要次按一类的re-credit,也打造了一批millionares.这才有多少年?
本质上说,这类误解是因为学科的界限,而人的精力有极其有限,所以多交流还是好,避免犯缺乏common sense的错误.
因今天没去实验室,不知道今天Nature Medicine 杂志online了有关文章.自然,把干细胞再组织起来也应该仅仅是技术层面的问题,这项成果不足为奇.其实,这跟养猪一样简单.
下一个伦理难题是, 不通过生殖,人造的生物人到底算不算人,给不给出生证明.