PTheacronymforthePriestlysourceoftheTorah/Pentateuch.Palestine(Greekformof"Philistine,"fortheseacoastpopulationencounteredbyearlygeographers)AnancientdesignationfortheareabetweenSyria(tothenorth)andEgypt(tothesouth),betweentheMediterraneanSeaandtheRiverJordan;Canaan;roughly,modernIsrael.SeeIntroduction.PalestinianJudaismThepostbiblicalformofJudaismthatdevelopedinPalestine,indistinctionfromHellenis...[
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ObadiahOneoftheTwelveProphets;asixthcenturyJudeanprophetwhocondemnedEdomforitscrueltreatmentofconqueredJudah.SeeChapter13.OfferingSomethinggiventoGodasanactofworship,oftenanimalsandgrains;theofferingofanimalsmaderighttherelationshipbetweenGodandtheworshiper.OldTestament(abbreviatedOT)ThenameoftheHebrewBibleusedintheChristiancommunity;itpresupposesthatthereisaNewTestament;thetermtestamentgoesbackto...[
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NadabandAbihuThesetwosonsofAaronoffered"strangefire"toGod,forwhichtheybothdied;seeLeviticus10.NahumOneoftheTwelveProphets;alateseventhcenturyJudeanprophetwhoannouncedthecomingdestructionofNineveh,thecapitaloftheAssyrianempire.SeeChapter13.NaomiTheIsraelitemother-in-lawofRuth.SeeChapter16.NathanDavid'scourtprophetwhomediatedtheDavidiccovenantandexposedDavid'stransgressions.SeeChapter8.Navi(sometime...[
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MaccabaeanFromtheperiodofJudasMaccabaeus(JudahMaccabee)andhisbrothers,secondcenturyB.C.E.MaccabeanrevoltThesecondcenturyB.C.E.JewishrevoltagainstAntiochusIVledbythefamilyofMattathias,includinghissonJudastheMaccabee,describedin1Maccabees.MalachiOneoftheTwelveProphets;ofuncertaindatebutprobablyfifthcentury,aprophetwhoforesawthereturnofElijah.SeeChapter13.MannaThefoodGodprovidedtotheHebrewswhiletheys...[
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LabanRebekah'sbrotherandJacob'sunclewholivedinAram;JacobmarriedLaban'sdaughtersRachelandLeah,andJacobgainedwealththere.SeeChapter2.LamentAcryofpainandgrief;inthestudyofthePsalms,thelament,alsocalledacomplaint,istheliterarytypewhichexpressesacryofhelp,eitherofanindividualorthecommunity.SeeChapter14SpeechFormsandChapter14Complaint.LatterProphetsThetechnicalnameforthecollectionofpropheticwritingscomp...[
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KashrutSeeKosher.SeeChapter3,Chapter4.Ketuvim(Hebrewfor"Writings")ThelastofthethreemaindivisionsoftheHebrewBible(thekofTanak),includingPsalms,Proverbs,Job,theFiveMegillothorFiveScrolls(SongofSongs,Ruth,Lamentations,Ecclesiastes,Esther),Daniel,Ezra,NehemiahandChronicles.SeeIntroduction.KingdomofGodTherealmwhereGodrules;thestateoftheworldinwhichGod'swillisfulfilled;expectedtobebroughtintobeingatthee...[
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JTheacronymfortheYahwistsourceofthePentateuch.JacobcycleThenarrativesofGenesis25:19-35:29,whichrevolvearoundtheancestorJacob.SeeChapter2.JacobThesecondsonofIsaacandRebekah;hewasthetwinbrotherofEsau;hisnamewaschangedtoIsraelafterhewrestledwithGodattheJabbokRiver;hebecametherecipientoftheancestralpromisesandhistwelvesonsbecausethetribesofIsrael.SeeChapter2.JaphethOneofthesonsofNoah,hewasblessedbecau...[
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IconographyTheexpressionofreligiousprinciplesordoctrinesusingpictorialorsymbolicimagesoricons;iconsmayserveasvisualmetaphors;afaithwhichfavoursthistypeofexpressioniscalled'iconic'.ImageofGodPhrasederivingfromGenesis1:26-7;Godcreatedhumankindinhisownimage.SeeChapter1.Immanuel(sometimesspelledEmmanuel)ThefigureinIsaiah'sprophecy(chapter7),whichmeans"Godiswithus".SeeChapter10.IncenseAcomponentinritua...[
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HabakkukOneoftheTwelveProphets;asixthcenturyJudeanprophetwhosoughttounderstandGod'spurposeinsendingtheBabylonianstopunishJudah.SeeChapter13.Habiru(sometimesspelled'Apiru)AnAkkadiantermdenotingpersonsorgroupswhoweresocialandpoliticaloutlawsfromestablishedsociety;existingintheancientMiddleEastinthesecondandfirstmillenniaB.C.E.theyappearasslaves,merchants,mercenarysoldiers,bandits,andoutlaws;somescho...[
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GalileeThenorthernpartofPalestine,specificallytheterritoriesnorthandwestoftheSeaofGalilee.Galut(Hebrewfor"exile")ThetermreferstothevariousexpulsionsofJewsfromtheancestralhomeland;overtime,itcametoexpressthebroadernotionofJewishhomelessnessandstateofbeingaliens;thus,colloquially,"tobeingalut"meanstoliveinthediasporaandalsotobeinastateofphysicalandevenspiritualalienation.Gemara(Hebrewfor"completion"...[
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