Pervasive developmental disorders (全身性的发育迟缓):-.自闭

Autistic disorder (自闭症)
A. A total of six (or more) items from (1), (2), and (3), with at least two from (1), and one each from (2) and (3):
以下三类症状中占至少六项,而且第一类至少占两项,也至少各有一项来自第二和第三大类:
(1) qualitative impairment in social interaction, as manifested by at least two of the following:
在社交方面有显著的能力缺陷,至少占以下的两项:
  (a) marked impairment in the use of multiple nonverbal behaviors such as eye-to-eye gaze, facial expression, body postures, and gestures to regulate social interaction
显著地不能运用语言以外的交流方式,如眼神交流,面部表情交流,身体姿势和体态交流
  (b) failure to develop peer relationships appropriate to developmental level
与其发育年纪相比,不能发展正常的同伴交往
  (c) a lack of spontaneous seeking to share enjoyment, interests, or achievements with other people (e.g., by a lack of showing, bring, or pointing out objects of interest)
不能自发的主动与他人分享快乐,兴趣,成果鉴定(比如: 不能向人展示,提出,或指出有兴趣的物体)
  (d) lack of social or emotional reciprocity
不能进行社交或情绪互动
(2) qualitative impairments in communication as manifested by at least one of the following:
在交流方面有显著的能力缺陷,至少有以下两个方面:
  (a) delay in, or total lack of, the development of spoken language (not accompanied by an attempt to compensate through alternative modes of communication such as gesture or mime)
说话发育迟缓或是完全没有发育 (并且不会用手势,或哑语来替代)
  (b) in individuals with adequate speech, marked impirment in the ability to initiate or sustain a conversation with others
对于有说话能力的一部分人来说,他们也缺乏启动或维持与人会话的能力
  (c) stereotyped and repetitive use of language or idiosyncratic language
刻板和重复使用语言
  (d) lack of varied, spontaneous make-believe play or social imitative play appropriate to developmental level
与其发育年纪相比,不能做有变化的,自发假想性的游戏,也不会启动社交游戏
(3) restricted repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior interests, and activitives, as manifested by at least one of the following:
有限的重复某些刻板的行为性兴趣和活动,至少表现以下的两项
  (a) encompassing preoccupation with one or more stereotyped and restricted patterns of interest that is abnormal either in intensity or focus
对一项或多项刻板的有限的兴趣表现出超乎寻常的关注和热情
  (b) apparently inflexible adherence to specific, nonfunctional routines or rituals
很明显地坚守一些特殊的没有功能用途的仪式
  (c) stereotyped and repetitive motor mannerisms (e.g., hand or finger flapping or twisting, or complex wholebody movements)
有机械的重复性的行为动作(比如, 手或手指的抖动或扭动,复杂的整个身体运动)
  (d) persistent preoccupation with parts of objects
持久地全神贯注于物体的某些部位

B. Delays or abnormal functioning in at least one of the following areas, with onset prior to age 3 years:
以下至少一项指标在三岁以前就表现出的发育迟缓或功能不正常
  (1) social interaction, (2) language as used in social communication, or (3) symbolic or imaginative play.
(1)与人交往,(2)与人交往中的语言运用,(3)象征性和想象性的游戏

C. The disturbance is not better accounted for by Rett's Disorder or Childhood Disintegrative Disorder.
以上障碍不能用氏疾患或儿童期崩解性疾患来解释