Aspect |
USA Sector |
Non-USA Sector |
---|---|---|
Tech Standards |
Western tech stack (e.g., Google, Apple, Nvidia) |
Chinese or open-source stack (e.g., Huawei, Baidu, AliCloud) |
AI Data |
Emphasis on responsible AI, data privacy |
Centralized data use for national priorities |
Energy Transition |
Clean energy with ESG frameworks |
Pragmatic mix: renewables + coal + critical minerals |
Geopolitics |
Friend-shoring + defense alliances |
Multipolarism, soft power via trade/infrastructure |
Partners: Canada, Mexico, EU (to some extent), Japan, South Korea, Australia
Characteristics:
Trusted supply chains (CHIPS Act, IRA incentives)
Shared standards (on IP, labor, digital)
Higher data privacy, regulation compliance
Focus on democratic alliances
Partners: BRICS nations, Southeast Asia, parts of Africa Latin America
Characteristics:
State-led innovation (e.g., AI, e-currency)
Alternative financial systems (Digital Yuan, CIPS instead of SWIFT)
Infrastructure diplomacy (BRI)
Different norms (on privacy, IP, trade)