很多人没有听说锅：NORAD (North American Aerospace Defense Command);

The U.S. Air Force (USAF) and the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) have a long-standing partnership, primarily through NORAD (North American Aerospace Defense Command) and other defense agreements. Their integration includes joint operations, training, and defense strategies.

Key Areas of USAF-RCAF Integration:

1. NORAD (North American Aerospace Defense Command)

   • Established in 1958, NORAD is a binational command responsible for aerospace warning, aerospace control, and maritime warning for North America.

   • Operates from Peterson Space Force Base, Colorado, with regional headquarters in Alaska, Canada, and Florida.

   • Conducts joint air patrols and quick reaction alert (QRA) missions to intercept potential aerial threats.

2. Cross-Border Air Defense Modernization

   • Both countries are working on NORAD modernization, investing in new radar systems, sensors, and Arctic defense capabilities.

   • Canada is acquiring F-35 fighters to enhance interoperability with USAF assets.

   • Joint development of the Arctic Over-the-Horizon Radar (OTHR) to monitor threats in the polar region.

3. Joint Training Exercises

   • Conducts joint exercises such as Vigilant Shield, Amalgam Dart, and Maple Flag to improve air defense coordination.

   • USAF and RCAF pilots train together at bases in Canada and the U.S., ensuring seamless operations.

4. Shared Defense Infrastructure

   • Canada hosts U.S. radar sites for Arctic and early warning systems.

   • Both nations share access to forward operating locations (FOLs) in Canada for rapid deployment of fighters in case of threats.

5. Space Cybersecurity Cooperation

   • Canada is a key partner in U.S. space surveillance and missile defense programs.

   • Collaboration in cyber defense to protect shared military networks.

NORADs Control of Fighter Jets

The North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) controls fighter jets from both the U.S. Air Force (USAF) and the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) to defend North American airspace.

How NORAD Controls Fighter Jets

1. Aerospace Surveillance Threat Detection

   • NORAD constantly monitors airspace over the U.S. and Canada using a network of radars, satellites, and airborne assets.

   • If an unauthorized or unidentified aircraft enters North American airspace, NORAD scrambles fighter jets to intercept.

2. Quick Reaction Alert (QRA) Fighter Jets

   • F-22 Raptors, F-16 Fighting Falcons (USAF), and CF-18 Hornets (RCAF) are on high alert at strategic bases.

   • Pilots are ready 24/7 to launch within minutes when NORAD gives the order.

3. Regional NORAD Commands Oversee Fighter Operations

   • Alaskan NORAD Region (ANR) Monitors and responds to threats in the Arctic and Pacific regions.

   • Canadian NORAD Region (CANR) Controls fighter jets in Canadian airspace from CFB Winnipeg.

   • Continental U.S. NORAD Region (CONR) Manages air defense for the lower 48 states from Tyndall AFB, Florida.

4. Interception Engagement Protocols

   • When an unidentified aircraft is detected, NORAD tracks it and orders fighters to intercept.

   • Fighters conduct visual identification (VID), escort, or warning maneuvers if necessary.

   • If an aircraft is deemed hostile, NORAD can authorize engagement or neutralization under defense protocols.

5. Major Exercises Real-World Operations

   • Operation NOBLE EAGLE Ongoing air defense mission launched after 9/11 to protect U.S. and Canadian airspace.

   • Exercises like AMALGAM DART and VIGILANT SHIELD train pilots for real-world intercepts.