…there is a high, hard ground where practitioners can make effective use
of research-based theory and technique, and there is a swampy lowland
where situations are confusing ‘messes’ incapable of technical solution.
The difficulty is that the problems of the high ground, however great
their technical interest, are often relatively unimportant to clients or to
the large society, while in the swamp are the problems of greatest human
concern….There are those who choose the swampy lowland. They deliberately
involve themselves in messy but crucially important problems and,
when asked to describe their methods of inquiry, they speak of experience,
trial and error, intuition, and muddling through. (Schön, 1983, pp. 42–43)