涨知识了！来美二十年，还是经常让我吃惊

Sanctuary laws, also known as sanctuary city or sanctuary state policies, are local or state laws, regulations, or practices that limit the cooperation of local law enforcement agencies with federal immigration enforcement authorities. These policies aim to protect undocumented immigrants and foster trust between local communities and law enforcement.

The specific provisions and implementation of sanctuary laws can vary across jurisdictions, but they generally include the following elements:

1. Non-cooperation with immigration enforcement: Sanctuary laws often prohibit or limit local law enforcement agencies, including police departments and sheriffs, from using their resources or personnel to enforce federal immigration laws. This means that local authorities are not required to detain or arrest individuals solely based on their immigration status.

2. Limited sharing of information: These laws may restrict or prohibit local law enforcement agencies from sharing certain information, such as immigration status, with federal immigration authorities unless required by law or in cases involving serious crimes.

3. Detention requests (ICE holds): Some sanctuary laws prevent local law enforcement agencies from honoring requests from U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) to detain individuals solely for immigration purposes. These requests, also known as ICE holds or detainers, ask local authorities to hold an individual in custody beyond their scheduled release date to allow ICE to take them into federal custody.

4. Access to public services: Sanctuary policies often ensure that access to public services, such as education, healthcare, and social services, is not denied based on immigration status. They aim to provide equal treatment and protection to all residents, regardless of their immigration status.

5. The intent behind sanctuary laws is to encourage undocumented immigrants to report crimes, cooperate with local law enforcement, and access necessary services without fear of deportation. Proponents argue that these policies promote community safety by fostering trust and cooperation between immigrant communities and local authorities. Critics, on the other hand, argue that sanctuary laws undermine federal immigration enforcement, violate federal law, and may lead to potential public safety concerns.

   It's important to note that immigration enforcement is primarily under federal jurisdiction in the United States. Therefore, sanctuary laws establish guidelines for local and state law enforcement agencies, specifying how they will engage with federal immigration authorities while focusing primarily on their core public safety responsibilities within their jurisdictions.