如何高效地管理时间和精力

Two Basic Rules for Time and Energy Management – Four Time Blocks That We Need On Schedule -023

如何高效地管理时间和精力

嘿，这是刘博士。在之前的视频中，我们讨论了拖延的常见原因以及如何停止拖延。在本视频中，我将向您展示一些更好的时间管理方法。在效率和生产率方面，除了时间管理之外，更多的是精力管理。

管理时间和精力有两个基本规则。它们是两个“S”，“分离”和“简化”。第一条规则是“分开”。这意味着我们应该将我们的任务与可能的分心分开。在时间管理中，一种非常有效的方法称为时间阻塞或时间装箱。我们的想法是，通过将特定时间段专用于特定任务，我们可以“阻止”我们的时间，避免可能的中断或干扰。

但是，如果我们阻止我们拥有的每项任务的时间，并安排整天，这可能对许多人来说太过限制。我的建议是，在我们的日程安排中，我们至少应该有两个时间段。一个块用于“复杂任务”，一个块用于“简单任务”。这是因为这两类任务所需的心理状态不同。对于复杂的任务，我们经常需要处于对焦模式。对于简单的任务，我们可以处于漫反射和放松模式。

在关于拖延的视频中，我提到拖延有两种类型。我们拖延复杂任务的原因通常是我们不确定如何启动，并且很难进入复杂任务所需的聚焦模式。我们拖延简单任务的原因往往是我们在生活中有压力，而压力往往与我们正在努力解决的一些复杂任务有关。通过使用时间块分离这两类任务，我们可以最大限度地减少复杂和简单任务的拖延。一方面，当我们有复杂任务的时间块时，我们可以最大限度地减少简单任务可能造成的干扰。我们更容易进入深度工作所需的焦点模式。另一方面，当我们有一个仅用于简单任务的时间块时，我们会暂时从我们可能遇到的任何复杂任务中解脱出来。通过这种方式，我们不允许来自复杂任务的压力延迟手头的其他任务。

在简单任务的时间段内，首先完成更简单的任务可能是个好主意。可以在5分钟内完成的任务应尽可能立即完成。完成简单的任务将给我们成就感和工作能量的动力，因此我们将对剩余的任务更加精力充沛。对于复杂任务的时间块，开始也是最重要的。如果我们能够开发一个特定的例程来启动时间块，这将是非常有用的，这个例程可以创建一种仪式感，可以帮助我们进入深度工作所需的焦点模式。它就像主菜之前的开胃菜。不同的人可能需要不同种类的开胃菜。我们只需要尝试找到适合我们的正确开胃菜。它可以像计算“1,2,3和开始”一样简单，就像我们在进入冷水之前所做的那样。

当我们需要处理多个复杂的任务时，我们可以列出所有任务，将所有任务放在我们面前，放在桌面上，然后逐个尝试。我们可以选择最容易让我们关注的任务。例如，我们可能拖延任务A.通过比较任务A和任务B，我们可能会发现更容易专注于任务B.然后我们将在今天处理任务B.这个想法是，在不同的日子里，我们可能对不同的任务有不同的心情。通过比较，一些原本可怕的任务可能看起来更容易，并且我们更容易进入该任务的焦点模式。只要我们能够完成至少一项复杂任务，我们就应该感到满意。后来，我们可能不得不为我们长期拖延的艰巨任务提供更多的战略思考，并进一步划分或简化这项任务。

这是我们的日程安排。我们应该有一个时间块用于“复杂任务”，一个时间块形成“简单任务”。对于我们的每周时间表，我们应该再有两个时间块。一个块用于处理人员的任务，一个块用于处理将来节省时间的任务。

在与人打交道的任务的时间块中，我们想到了两件事。首先，我们应该思考，我们需要与谁联系以提高我们的生产力。其次，我们应该与我们正在等待的人核实。我们可能需要追逐人才，以提高团队工作效率。为“人员任务”设置单独的时间段会提醒我们定期与人进行核对，同时尽量减少对自己工作的干扰。

我们在每周时间表上想要的其他时间块是用于节省未来时间的任务的时间块。我们应该让我们把时间花在今天可能看起来不重要的事情上，但会给我们更多的时间。我们应该花时间问自己，今天我能做些什么，这将使未来变得更好？这可能是一个战略思考时期。也许是学习新工具的时候了。 “人”的时间块将允许我们通过有效地利用其他人的时间来节省更多时间。 “未来”的时间块将使我们能够通过提前思考来节省更多时间。

所以，这就是时间管理的“分离”规则。我们使用时间阻止来帮助我们集中精力。另一条规则是“简化”能源管理。我们的想法是，我们拥有的总能量是有限的。如果我们生活中的选择较少，那么我们就可以有更多精力去关注。更少关注的选项。您可能会注意到，许多高绩效人士，如史蒂夫乔布斯和马克扎克伯格，他们在日常生活中总是穿着相同风格的衬衫。一个原因是，他们不想花费精力来决定不太重要的东西，例如穿什么。他们更愿意尽可能地节省能源，以便最大限度地集中精力工作。

感谢收看，我是刘博士，为失败者提供研究建议。单独和简化是可以帮助我们集中注意力的两个基本规则。直到下一次，让我们学习如何分离和如何简单地完成我们的任务，以获得更有针对性的生活。

Hey, it’s Dr. Liu here again. In a previous video, we discussed the common reasons for procrastination and how to stop procrastination. In this video, I will show you some specific methods for better time management. And with regard to efficiency and productivity, very often, it is more about energy management in addition to just time management.

There are two basic rules for management of time and energy. They are the two “S”, “Separate“ and “Simplify”. The first rule is “to separate”. That means we should separate our tasks from possible distractions. In time management, a very effective method is called time blocking or time boxing. The idea is, by dedicating a certain block of time to a specific task, we “block off” our time from possible interruptions or distractions.

However, if we block time for each task we have, and schedule the entire day, that may be too constraining to many people. My suggestion is, in our daily schedule, we should at least have two blocks of time. One block for “complex tasks”, and one block for “simple tasks”. That is because the required mental status for these two types of tasks are different. For complex tasks, we often need to be in a focus mode. For simple tasks, we could be in a diffuse and relax mode.

In the video about procrastination, I mentioned there are two types of procrastination. The reason we are procrastinating on complex tasks is often that we are not sure how to start and it is difficult to enter the focus mode needed for complex tasks. And the reason we are procrastinating on simple tasks is often that we have stress in our life, and that stress is often related with some complex tasks that we are struggling with. By separating these two types of tasks using time block, we can minimize procrastination for both complex and simple tasks. On the one hand, when we have a time block for complex tasks, we can minimize possible distractions from simple tasks. It would be easier for us to enter the focus mode required for deep work. On the other hand, when we have a time block just for simple tasks, we temporarily release ourselves from whatever complex tasks we may have. In this way, we do not allow the stress from the complex tasks to delay the other tasks on hand.

During the time block for simple tasks, it may be a good idea to complete the easier task first. Tasks that can be completed within 5 minutes should be done immediately, whenever possible . Completing easy tasks will give us sense of accomplishment, and a momentum of work energy, so we will be more energetic for the remaining tasks. For the time block for complex tasks, the beginning is also most important. It will be very helpful if we can develop a certain routine to start the time block, a routine that can create a sense of rituality that can help us to enter the focus mode we need for deep work. It is like an appetizer before the main course. Different people may need different kind of appetizer. We just need to try and find the right appetizer that works for us. It could be as simple as just counting “1, 2, 3, and start”, as what we may do before jumping into cold water.

When we have multiple complex tasks need to be handled, we may make a list of all the tasks, put all the tasks before us, on the desk, and try them one by one. And we can choose the task that is easiest for us to focus on. Foe example, we may be procrastinating on task A. By comparing task A and task B, we may find it is easier to focus on task B. Then we will just work on task B for today. The idea is, on different day, we may have different mood for different tasks. By comparing, some originally intimidating tasks may look easier, and it would be easier for us to enter the focus mode for that task. We should be satisfied as long as we are able to work on at least one of the complex tasks. And later, we may have to give more strategic thinking for the difficult task that we have procrastinated for a long time, and further divide or simplify that task.

This is for our daily schedule. We should have one time block for “complex tasks”, and one time block form “simple tasks”. For our weekly schedule, we should have two more time blocks. One block for tasks that deal with people, and one block for tasks that save time in the future.

In the time block for tasks that deal with people, we think of two things. First, we should think, who do we need to reach out in order to improve our productivity. Second, we should check with people who we are waiting on. We may need to chase people down to be more productive as a team worker. Having a separate time block for “people tasks” reminds us to check with people regularly, and in the same time minimize distractions to our own work.

The other time block we want on our weekly schedule is the time block for tasks that save time in the future. We should allow us to spend time on things that may seem not important today but will give us more time in the future. We should take time to ask ourselves, what can I do today, that would make the future better? It may be a strategic thinking time. It may also be a time to study a new tool. A time block for “people” will allow us to save more time by using other people’s time effectively. A time block for “future” will allow us to save more time by thinking ahead.

So, that is the rule of “separate” for time management. We use time blocking to help us to focus. The other rule is “simplify” for energy management. The idea is, the total energy we have is limited. If we have less options in life, then we can have more energy to focus. Less options for more focus. You may notice that, many high performance people, such as Steve Jobs, and Mark Zuckerberg, they always wear the same style of shirts in daily life. One reason is, they do not want to spend energy on deciding less important stuff, such as what to wear. They prefer to save energy as much as possible so that they can maximize their focus on work.

Thanks for watching, I am Dr. Liu with research tips for the underdogs. Separate and simplify are the two basic rules that can help us to focus. Until next time, let’s learn how to separate and how to simply our tasks, for a more focused life.

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