雅利安人-古印度-伊朗人，青铜时代一个民族

雅利安人是谁？

https://www.quora.com/Who-were-the-Aryans-5?no_redirect=1

Sandeep Rajput · 居住在英格兰，更新于 6 年前

雅利安人（古印度-伊朗人）是青铜时代中期的一个民族，他们与早期从辛塔什塔-安德罗诺沃地区迁入塔扎巴加布-巴克特里亚-马尔吉亚纳考古遗址的移民群体有关，并与 H 墓地、斯瓦特 V 墓地、犍陀罗墓地、铜窖、米坦尼文化和彩绘灰陶文化有关。这些遗址主要位于三个地区：印度西北部、伊朗北部和今叙利亚。

塔扎巴加布-巴克特里亚-马尔吉亚纳考古遗址是早期印度-伊朗人从辛塔什塔-安德罗诺沃地区迁入以及后来从塔扎巴加布地区迁入的成果。这些人是驾驭战车的，这赋予了他们更大的迁徙灵活性。塔扎巴加布-巴克特里亚纳-玛尔吉亚纳考古遗址群的居民自认为是雅利安人；米坦尼的铭文、《梨俱吠陀》的《苏克塔》和《阿维斯陀》的《偈语》都证明了这一点。

塔扎巴加布-巴克特里亚纳-玛尔吉亚纳考古遗址群的居民居住在伊朗北部，留在该地区的居民使用古阿维斯陀语，并发展了前琐罗亚斯德教时期的印度-伊朗文化和琐罗亚斯德教文化。

然而，该地区曾有两次大规模的迁徙。其中一组迁徙到印度西北部，并被确认为H墓地、斯瓦特V墓地、犍陀罗墓地、铜窖和彩绘灰陶文化的居民。他们是雅利安梨俱吠陀人。
在《梨俱吠陀》在印度西北部编纂的同时，雅利安战车骑兵从塔扎巴加布-巴克特里亚-玛尔吉亚纳考古遗址迁徙而来，入侵了如今位于叙利亚境内的胡里安语城市米坦尼。

最初迁入塔扎巴加布-巴克特里亚-玛尔吉亚纳考古遗址，以及后来迁入印度西北部和今叙利亚的迁徙，与雅利安人的扩张相呼应。因此，只有祖先来自塔扎巴加布-巴克特里亚-玛尔吉亚纳考古遗址的人群才是雅利安人的后裔。

雅利安人最大的族群在印度。印度雅利安人的后裔被认为是来自印度西北部梨俱吠陀血统的人群，例如婆罗门、刹帝利、吠舍和其他高种姓的印度教人群。波斯的帕西人和琐罗亚斯德教徒是雅利安人的遗迹。波斯人口中相当一部分也是雅利安人的后裔。在叙利亚，尽管比例较低，但仍保留着雅利安米坦尼人血统的痕迹。

雅利安人是印欧战车骑兵的后裔，他们崇尚马匹。他们崇拜火，这似乎是《阿维斯陀经》和《梨俱吠陀经》中雅利安人的共同习俗。他们举行盛大的马祭和其他动物祭祀来祭祀他们的神灵，这些仪式是从中亚草原的印欧祖先那里传承下来的。祭祀植物索玛/豪玛在雅利安人的宗教中发挥着重要作用，正如《阿维斯陀经》和《梨俱吠陀经》中所提到的。他们使用一种印度-伊朗原始语言，这种语言在伊朗演变成阿维斯陀语，在印度演变成吠陀梵语。雅利安人的宗教是多神教，然而，随着查拉图斯特拉将一神教引入其族人，伊朗雅利安人的宗教信仰也随之终结。古老的雅利安宗教在印度也逐渐衰落，取而代之的是吠檀多哲学，后者与早期吠陀严格的雅利安多神教相悖。

雅利安人的神祇与阿维斯陀雅利安人、梨俱吠陀雅利安人和米坦尼雅利安人所提及的神祇相同。这是因为各个地区的雅利安人的宗教随着时间的推移而演变，他们共同信奉的神祇与居住在塔扎巴加布-巴克特里亚纳-玛尔吉亚纳考古遗址的雅利安人的神祇相同，这证明了雅利安人最初的多神教信仰。

米特拉——光明之神
在赫梯人和米坦尼人签订的条约中，米特拉是被祈求的神祇之一。

米特拉是梨俱吠陀的主要神祇之一，被单独提及28次。

密特拉是古代阿维斯陀人的神祇，后来成为琐罗亚斯德教的祭司。

因此，米特拉是雅利安人的原始神祇之一。

瓦鲁那：神圣律法之神
在赫梯人和米坦尼人的条约中，瓦鲁那被提及。

瓦鲁那是梨俱吠陀的主要神祇之一，被单独提及46次。

瓦鲁那在阿维斯陀中被称为“阿帕姆·纳帕特”（Apam Napat），在梨俱吠陀中也有同样的称呼。瓦鲁那与阿胡拉·沃鲁那（Ahura Vouruna）等同。

因此，瓦鲁那是雅利安人的原始神祇之一。

因陀罗：风暴之神

在赫梯人和米坦尼人的条约中，因陀罗被提及。

因陀罗是《梨俱吠陀》的主要神祇之一，单独提及286次。

因陀罗是阿维斯陀雅利安人的德瓦神。

因此，因陀罗是雅利安人的原始神祇之一。

纳萨提亚（Nasatya）：神圣的

骑兵

在赫梯人和米坦尼人之间的条约中，纳萨提亚被提及。

纳萨提亚是《梨俱吠陀》的主要神祇之一，被单独提及56次。

Who were the Aryans?

https://www.quora.com/Who-were-the-Aryans-5?no_redirect=1?

Sandeep Rajput  · Lives in EnglandUpdated 6y

 

The Aryans (old Indo-Iranians) were a middle Bronze Age people who are associated with the early influx of migrants from the Sintashta-Andronovo region to the areas where the Tazabagyab-Bactriana-Margiana Archaeological Complex and are associated with the Cemetery H, Swat V, Gandhara Grave, Copper Hoard, Mitanni and the Painted Greyware cultures. These sites are located in three main regions: Northwestern India, Northern Iran and present-day Syria.

 

The Tazabagyab-Bactriana-Margiana Archaeological Complex was a result of early Indo-Iranian migration from the Sintashta-Andronovo region and later migration from the Tazabagyab region. These people were horse-chariotsmen which gave them greater mobility to migrate. The people of the Tazabagyab-Bactriana Margiana Complex identified themselves as the Aryans; the inscriptions of the Mitanni, the sūktas of the Rigveda and gathas of the Zend-Avesta are proof of this.

The people of the Tazabagyab-Bactriana-Margiana Archaeological Complex inhabited Northern Iran, those who remained in the region were speakers of Old Avestan and proliferated both pre-Zoroastrian Indo-Iranian culture and Zoroastrian culture.

However there were two major migrations from this region. One group migrated into Northwestern India and have been identified as the people of the Cemetery H, Swat V, Gandhara Grave, Copper Hoard and Painted Greyware cultures. These were the Aryan Rigvedic people.

At the same time the Rigveda was being composed in Northwestern India, Aryan chariotsmen migrated from the Tazabagyab-Bactriana-Margiana Archaeological Complex and invaded the Hurrian-speaking city of Mitanni now situated in present-day Syria.

 

The initial migration into the Tazabagyab-Bactriana-Margiana Archaeological Complex and the later migrations into Northwestern India and present-day Syria correspond with the expansion of the Aryan people. Therefore it is only populations with ancestry from the Tazabagyab-Bactriana-Margiana Archaeological Complex who are descended from the Aryan people.

The largest population of the Aryan people are in India. The descendants of the Aryan people in India are identified as those of Rigvedic lineage from Northwestern India such as Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and other high-caste Hindu populations. The Parsis and Zoroastrians of Persia are a vestige of the Aryan people. A considerable percentage of the Persian population are also descendants of the Aryan people. In Syria traces of Aryan Mitanni descent remain albeit at a low percentage.

The Aryans were the descendants of Indo-European horse-chariotsmen who revered the horse. They worshipped fire and this seems to be a common practise between the Aryans of the Zend-Avesta and Aryans of the Rigveda. They practised elaborate horse sacrifices and other animal sacrifices dedicated to their gods, rituals they perpetuated from their Indo-European forefathers of the Central Asian steppes. The ritual plant Soma/Haoma played an important function in the religion of the Aryans as it is mentioned in the Zend-Avesta and Rigveda. They spoke an Indo-Iranian proto-language which evolved into Avestan in Iran and Vedic Sanskrit in India. The religion of the Aryans was polytheistic however for the Aryans of Iran this was to end as Zarathustra introduced monotheism to his people. The ancient Aryan religion has also since faded in India being replaced with the Vedanta philosophies which oppose the strict Aryan polytheism of the early Vedas.

The gods of the Aryan people are those mentioned by the Avestan Aryans, Rigvedic Aryans and the Mitanni Aryans. This is because the religion of the Aryans in each region evolved over time, the gods they shared in common are the gods the Aryans living in the Tazabagyab-Bactriana-Margiana Archaeological Complex and attest to the original Aryan polytheistic religion.

1. Mitra- god of light

In a treaty between the Hittites and the Mitanni, Mitra is one of the gods invoked.

Mitra is one of the principle gods of the Rigvedas, mentioned 28 times individually.

Mithra is a god of the old Avestan people, later became a yazata of the Zoroastrian religion.

Therefore Mitra is one of the original Aryan gods.

1. Varuna: god of divine law

In a treaty between the Hittites and the Mitanni, Varuna is one of the gods invoked

Varuna is one of principle gods of the Rigvedas, mentioned 46 times individually.

Varuna is known as Apam Napat in the Avesta the same term is also found in the Rigvedas. Varuna identifies with Ahura Vouruna.

Therefore Varuna is one of the original Aryan gods.

1. Indra: god of the storms

In a treaty between the Hittites and the Mitanni, Indra is one of the gods invoked.

Indra is one of the principle gods of the Rigvedas, mentioned 286 times individually.

Indra is a daeva of the Avestan Aryans.

Therefore Indra is one of the original Aryan gods

1. Nasatya: the divine horsemen

In a treaty between the Hittites and the Mitanni the Nasatya are invoked.

The Nasatya are one of the principle gods of the Rigvedas, mentioned 56 times individually.