风萧萧_Frank
以文会友
欧盟驻华代表团关于 2023 年国际人权日的声明
2023 年 12 月 10 日 北京
欧盟驻华代表团新闻和信息团队
今天，世界庆祝《世界人权宣言》发表 75 周年。自 1948 年通过以来，《宣言》的 30 条引发了全球人类生活各个领域和领域的变革。人权是普遍的、不可分割的和相互依存的。这意味着每个人都享有人权；人权具有同等重要性，并且在任何时候都相互关联且适用，包括在冲突或危机时期。人权不能受到地理或文化适应的影响。
欧盟承认，近年来，中国在减贫、改善医疗和教育机会以及为公民实施其他社会改善方面做出了显著努力。但与此同时，公民权利和政治权利得不到保障，在某些情况下甚至遭到蓄意和系统性的侵犯。
在此背景下，欧盟重申对中国极为严重的人权状况的关切，并敦促中国遵守其根据国家法律（包括其宪法）和国际法承担的义务，尊重、保护和实现所有人的人权，包括维吾尔族、藏族和中国各地少数民族、宗教和语言少数群体。
联合国人权事务高级专员办事处（OHCHR）的评估报告证实了新疆维吾尔自治区人权状况的严重性。欧盟强调伸张正义和追究责任的必要性，并敦促中国与人权高专办合作，落实报告的建议，并就新疆的人权状况进行实质性讨论。主要关切包括大规模拘留、广泛的监视、跟踪和控制措施、强迫劳动、酷刑、强迫堕胎和绝育、生育控制和家庭分离政策以及性暴力和性别暴力。欧盟特别关注对行使基本自由（包括宗教或信仰自由）的系统性和严重限制，以及对少数民族在私人和公共场合（包括在教育领域）享受自己文化和使用自己语言的权利的系统性限制。这些限制有可能导致文化灭绝。在西藏，义务寄宿学校和 DNA 采样进一步表明了严峻的人权状况。欧盟继续呼吁独立国际专家、外国记者和外交官有意义、不受限制和不受监督地进入西藏、新疆和中国其他地区。
据估计，中国判处死刑和执行死刑的人数远远超过其他所有国家的总和。与国际标准相悖的是，中国还对非暴力犯罪适用死刑。欧盟呼吁中国在适用和执行死刑方面提高透明度，进一步减少可判处死刑的犯罪数量。欧盟重申，死刑仍然是一种无效、不必要和不可撤销的惩罚，因此敦促中国暂停执行死刑，最终废除这种不人道的做法。
人权捍卫者、人权律师、记者、独立记者、其他媒体工作者和知识分子继续遭受骚扰、恐吓和监视，并受到禁止出境、软禁、酷刑和虐待、非法拘留、判刑和强迫失踪，包括通过指定地点监视居住（RSDL），这可能构成酷刑和虐待。
欧盟敦促中国确保充分尊重法治，确保公平审判和正当程序保障，彻底调查被报告的任意拘留、酷刑、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚以及骚扰人权捍卫者及其家人的案件。被拘留者应有权获得自己选择的律师、医疗援助和家人的陪伴。中国应停止受到联合国特别程序谴责的 RSDL 做法，并停止对被拘留者使用酷刑、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚来逼迫和公开认罪。
欧盟继续密切关注局势，并呼吁立即无条件释放曹三强牧师、常伟平、陈云飞、程渊、丁家喜、高智胜、吴喜饶嘉措、郭泉、何芳梅、黄琪、黄雪琴、萨哈罗夫奖获得者等人
伊力哈木·土赫提、卡米勒·瓦依提、李翘楚、李彦和、李昱函、彭利发、秦永民、秦永培、仁钦楚成、阮小环、扎西多吉、塔西甫拉提·特依拜、王爱忠、王炳章、王建兵、王毅牧师、王藏、许那、许勤、许艳、许志永、杨茂东、余文生、张春雷牧师和张展，以及欧盟公民桂民海的领事探视权必须得到尊重。
中国通过审查、恐吓和监视记者和媒体工作者，严重压制言论自由和获取信息的渠道。在中国的外国记者和媒体工作者因其专业活动继续面临骚扰、恐吓、任意拘留、签证限制和监视。欧盟强调言论自由和媒体自由对良好治理至关重要。欧盟还敦促中国尊重和平抗议的权利。
欧盟坚信，性别平等、妇女权利和 LGBTI 人士的权利应得到全球充分尊重和保护。在中国和欧盟，基于性别的暴力仍然普遍存在。在此背景下，欧盟敦促中国确保保护遭受侵犯和虐待的女性活动人士。欧盟继续呼吁中国履行消除性暴力和基于性别的暴力的承诺。
此外，欧盟仍然对香港的人权状况感到担忧。《国家安全法》和《煽动法》的压制性使用破坏了基本自由。选举制度的全面改革侵蚀了民主原则和政治多元化。欧盟非常关切地关注政客和民主人士的审判，尤其关注黎智英一案。欧盟敦促中国中央政府和香港当局恢复对法治、基本自由和民主原则的充分尊重。这些都是在“一国两制”原则下维护香港高度自治、遵守香港基本法和中国国际义务的关键。
中国还必须尊重不驱回原则，不得采取任何不符合国际法的域外活动（包括胁迫）。
尽管欧盟与中国在人权问题上存在系统性分歧，但欧盟认为，可以而且应该通过中欧人权对话等双边交流来讨论这些分歧，并在有可能合作的领域开展合作。
通过纪念《世界人权宣言》发表75周年，欧盟重申了对全面实现人权的承诺。《宣言》中蕴含的简单思想是，权利不是赋予的，而是属于每个人的，至今仍在欧盟、中国和世界各地产生着无可争议的影响。
Statement of the EU Delegation to China on the International Human Rights Day 2023
10.12.2023 Beijing
Press and information team of the Delegation to CHINA
The European Union recognises that in recent years, China has made notable efforts in poverty alleviation, improved access to health, education and implemented other social improvements for its citizens. At the same time, civil and political rights are not guaranteed and are in some cases deliberately and systematically violated.
Against this background, the EU reiterates its concerns about the very serious human rights situation in China and urges China to abide by its obligations under national law, including its own Constitution, and international law, to respect, protect and fulfil human rights for all, including Uyghurs, Tibetans and persons belonging to ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities across China.
The seriousness of the human rights situation in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region has been corroborated by the assessment report by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR). The EU underscores the need for justice and accountability and urges China to cooperate with the OHCHR on the implementation of the report’s recommendations, and the need for a substantive discussion on the human rights situation in Xinjiang. Key concerns include mass detention, widespread surveillance, tracking and control measures, the use of forced labour, torture, forced abortion and sterilisation, birth control and family separation policies, and sexual and gender-based violence. The EU is particularly concerned about the systemic and severe restrictions on the exercise of fundamental freedoms, including the freedom of religion or belief, and systemic restrictions on the right of minorities to enjoy their own culture, and to use their own language, in private and public, including in the field of education. These restrictions risk leading to cultural erasure. In Tibet, obligatory boarding schooling and DNA sampling are further indications of the dire human rights situation. The EU continues to call for meaningful, unrestricted and unsupervised access by independent international experts, foreign journalists and diplomats to Tibet, Xinjiang and elsewhere in China.
The estimated number of death sentences and executions in China exceeds by far that of all other countries taken together. In contradiction to international standards, China also applies capital punishment in the case of non-violent offences. The EU calls upon China to provide more transparency in the application and imposition of the death penalty and to further reduce the number of criminal offenses punishable by death. The EU reaffirms that the death penalty remains an ineffective, unnecessary and irrevocable punishment, and therefore urges China to introduce a moratorium on executions and ultimately abolish this inhuman practice.
Human rights defenders, human rights lawyers, journalists, independent reporters, other media workers and intellectuals continue to be exposed to harassment, intimidation and surveillance and subjected to exit bans, house arrest, torture and ill-treatment, unlawful detention, sentencing and enforced disappearance including via Residential Surveillance in a Designated Location (RSDL) that could amount to torture and ill-treatment.
The EU urges China to ensure full respect for the rule of law, ensure fair trial and due process guarantees and to investigate thoroughly reported cases of arbitrary detention, torture, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, and harassment of human rights defenders and their families. Those detained should be guaranteed access to lawyers of their own choice, medical assistance and their family members. China should stop the practice of RSDL, which has been condemned by the UN Special Procedures, as well as discontinue the use of torture inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment of detained persons to extract forced and public confessions.
The EU continues to closely monitor the situation and calls for the immediate and unconditional release of, among others, Pastor Cao Sanqiang, Chang Weiping, Chen Yunfei, Cheng Yuan, Ding Jiaxi, Gao Zhisheng, Go Sherab Gyatso, Guo Quan, He Fangmei, Huang Qi, Huang Xueqin, Sakharov Prize winner Ilham Tohti, Kamile Wayit, Li Qiaochu, Li Yanhe, Li Yuhan, Peng Lifa, Qin Yongmin, Qin Yongpei, Rinchen Tsultrim, Ruan Xiaohuan, Tashi Dorje, Tashpolat Tiyip, Wang Aizhong, Wang Bingzhang, Wang Jianbing, Pastor Wang Yi, Wang Zang, Xu Na, Xu Qin, Xu Yan, Xu Zhiyong, Yang Maodong, Yu Wensheng, Pastor Zhang Chunlei and Zhang Zhan, as well as EU citizen Gui Minhai whose right to consular access must be respected.
Freedom of expression and access to information have been severely suppressed in China by means of censorship, intimidation and surveillance of journalists and media workers. Foreign journalists and media workers in China continue to face harassment, intimidation, arbitrary detention, visa restrictions and surveillance because of their professional activities. The EU emphasizes the critical importance of freedom of expression and media freedom as vital to good governance. The EU also urges China to respect the right to peaceful protest.
The EU firmly believes that gender equality, women’s rights and rights of LGBTI persons should be fully respected and protected globally. In China as in the EU, gender based violence remains widespread. In this context, the EU urges China to ensure protection of female activists, who have been victims of human rights violations and abuses. The EU continues to call upon China to uphold its pledge to eliminate sexual and gender-based violence.
Furthermore, the EU remains concerned about the human rights situation in Hong Kong. The repressive use of the National Security Law and of the Sedition Law undermine fundamental freedoms. The sweeping changes in the electoral system erode democratic principles and political pluralism. The EU is following with great concern the trials of politicians and pro-democracy actors and is particularly concerned about the case of Jimmy Lai. The EU urges the Chinese central government and the Hong Kong authorities to restore full respect for the rule of law, fundamental freedoms, and democratic principles. These are key to preserve Hong Kong’s high degree of autonomy under the ‘one country, two systems’ principle, in compliance with Hong Kong’s Basic Law and China’s international obligations.
China must also respect the principle of non-refoulement, and refrain from any extraterritorial activity (including coercion) that is not in line with international law.
Despite systemic differences between the EU and China regarding Human Rights, the EU believes that bilateral exchanges, including through the EU-China Human Rights Dialogue can and should be held to discuss these differences and to cooperate in areas where there is a potential for engagement.
By commemorating the 75th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the EU reaffirms its commitment to the full realisation of human rights. The simple idea enshrined in the Declaration that rights cannot be given, but they belong to every person, continues to have an undisputable impact still today - in the European Union, in China and everywhere in the world.
