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ASEAN Supports China Over US, Survey Shows
https://www.newsdirectory3.com/asean-supports-china-over-us-survey-shows/
A new survey by the ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute in Singapore shows that people in Southeast Asia (ASEAN) support China more than the United States. It was motivated by many factors, such as disillusionment with US foreign policy. and the economic benefits ASEAN derives from China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI).
According to the 2024 Southeast Asia State Survey, 50.5% of respondents chose China and 49.5% chose the United States. If ASEAN had to choose sides, this is the first time China has overtaken the United States since the question began to be asked in the annual survey in 2020.
Last year, 38.9% of respondents chose China, while 61.1% chose the United States.
Survey results show that the change in views towards China is particularly evident in Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Brunei and Laos, as these countries benefit from China’s Belt and Road Initiative. With 20% more respondents in those countries choosing China.
Meanwhile, US support has decreased in Vietnam, Singapore, Myanmar and Cambodia.
However, the Philippines’ confidence in the United States has increased, mainly due to rising tensions in the South China Sea.
Furthermore, 46% of respondents said that the war between Israel and the Palestinian militant group Hamas in the Gaza Strip is a major concern for governments, with Muslim-majority countries citing this issue as “the worst issue”. The main concern in geopolitics
The South China Morning Post reported that the sixth survey, led by researchers from the Yusuf Ishaq Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, surveyed nearly 2,000 people in Southeast Asia between January and February, on Wednesday on various important issues that that region faces them.
When push comes to shove, China edges out US as S-E Asia's preferred superpower: ISEAS survey
https://www.newsdirectory3.com/asean-supports-china-over-us-survey-shows/?
Among the 1,994 respondents polled across the 10 Asean nations, 50.5 per cent indicated China as their preferred choice. PHOTO ILLUSTRATION: PIXABAY
Michelle Ng Correspondent APR 02, 2024SINGAPORE China edges out the United States as South-east Asia’s preferred superpower by a narrow margin, if countries in the region were forced to choose between the two major powers, a survey has found.
The findings, published in the ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute’s The State Of South-east Asia 2024 report on April 2, indicated a notable shift in sentiments among respondents from the region, who had leaned towards the US in the last four surveys.
Among the 1,994 respondents polled across the 10 Asean nations, 50.5 per cent indicated China as their preferred choice, while 49.5 per cent selected the US, when asked a hypothetical question on which country the region should choose if it was forced to align itself with either.
In the 2023 survey, only 38.9 per cent of respondents picked China, with 61.1 per cent opting for the US.
The 2024 survey was conducted online from Jan 3 to Feb 23, and polled respondents from academia, think-tanks, research groups, businesses, civil society, the media and regional or international organisations, as well as governments. Eligibility criteria were tightened in this edition and respondents were screened on various criteria such as nationality, age, affiliation, education, general knowledge of Asean and level of interest in current affairs.
Respondents could take the survey in one of six language options: English, Bahasa Indonesia, Burmese, Khmer, Thai and Vietnamese.
First conducted in 2019, the annual survey aims to present a snapshot of the prevailing attitudes among people in a position to inform or influence policy on regional issues.
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In the 2024 survey, China continues to be seen as the most influential economic power in South-east Asia, followed by Asean and the US. China was perceived as the most influential political and strategic power in the region, followed by the US.
The Asean nations’ perception of the bloc’s political and strategic influence is also on the rise, according to the survey.
Despite the positive perceptions about China, concerns about its growing regional political and strategic influence persist, with 73.5 per cent of respondents expressing unease, up from 68.5 per cent in 2023.
Confidence in the US has also waned, with nearly 60 per cent of respondents concerned about its growing strategic and political influence in the region, up from over 40 per cent in 2023.
The waning confidence in the US could be attributed partly to the escalating rivalry between China and the US, the ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute said in the report.
Although most respondents were worried about the US’ growing influence, there were exceptions, including those in the Philippines, Singapore and Vietnam, who perceived US influence more positively.
In a webinar on April 2 organised by the institute to discuss the findings, Ms Bonnie Glaser, managing director of US think-tank German Marshall Fund’s Indo-Pacific programme, noted that the results, which are sometimes contradictory, show the complexity of issues Asean faces.
Ms Glaser said that the slight shift towards China by Asean nations if they had to choose between China and the US could be due to the make-up of the respondents. She noted that unlike the 2023 poll, the 2024 survey had a higher proportion of private-sector or business-affiliated respondents, who might place more emphasis on China’s growing power.
In the 2024 survey, respondents affiliated with the private sector comprised 33.7 per cent of the total, increasing from 24.7 per cent in the 2023 poll. Conversely, respondents from academia, think-tanks or research institutions dropped to 23.6 per cent in the 2024 survey, down from 34.8 per cent in 2023.
Professor Danny Quah, dean of the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy at the National University of Singapore, cautioned that there is no need to “read too much” into China’s 1 percentage point lead over the US as the results are more indicative than prescriptive.
He said the underlying data shows more of a seesaw pattern rather than a direct trend leaning towards China. “By focusing on who crosses the 50 per cent mark, we lose sight of that,” he noted.
Since the hypothetical question of which country the region would choose if it was forced to align itself with either was added to the 2020 edition of the survey, the proportion of respondents picking either China or the US has fluctuated over the years.
For instance, 46.4 per cent of respondents picked China in 2020, and the proportion dropped to 38.5 per cent in 2021. It rose to 43 per cent in 2022, and dropped to 38.9 per cent in 2023, before rising to 50.5 per cent in this year’s survey.
Prof Quah said: “We need to distinguish statements about China and the concerns about the degree of influence, which are extremely high.
“The fact that China is acknowledged as most influential does not mean acceptance of that (influence). Similarly for the US.”
On the issue of trust in the major powers, the level of distrust in China crept up in the 2024 survey.
Slightly over half the respondents indicated either “little confidence” or “no confidence” that Beijing would do the right thing when it comes to contributing to global peace, security, prosperity and governance. This was a slight increase from the 49.8 per cent in 2023.
Around a quarter were either “confident” or “very confident” that China would contribute positively, while the remaining quarter had “no comment”.
Among those who distrust China, 45.5 per cent think its economic and military power can be used to threaten their countries’ interests and sovereignty. More than a third of Singapore respondents had the same sentiment.
Levels of distrust towards China were higher than levels of trust in all Asean countries, except Laos. In particular, respondents from the Philippines, which has had a series of run-ins with China in the South China Sea, recorded the highest level of distrust.
Japan continues to be the region’s most trusted power, with 58.9 per cent of respondents expressing confidence in the country. The US was second at 42.4 per cent, followed by the European Union at 41.5 per cent, China at 24.8 per cent and India at 24.2 per cent.
While more respondents indicated trust towards the US than distrust, the findings show a significant drop in trust from more than half of the respondents in 2023, a sign that South-east Asia could be treading cautiously ahead of the US presidential election in November.
Negative sentiment towards the Joe Biden administration by way of US engagement with the region has also risen, as more than one-third of respondents felt that US engagement has decreased or decreased significantly in 2024.
On assessing the future of China’s relations with the Asean bloc, more than half of the respondents anticipated an improvement in the next three years.
Those from Singapore and Myanmar held the most neutral stance on their countries’ relations with China, expecting the status quo to be maintained.
Among those who anticipate an improvement in future relations with Beijing, the region’s top concern was China’s growing economic dominance and political influence in their countries – a telling sign that China’s willingness to use coercion to achieve its aims does not sit well with most South-east Asians.
The top concerns among Singapore respondents were China’s use of economic tools and tourism to punish the Republic’s foreign policy choices, as well as China’s interference in Singapore’s domestic affairs, including through social media and influence over the ethnic Chinese citizens in the country.
Bolstering Asean’s resilience and unity continues to be the most popular option among respondents to counter pressure from both the US and China amid escalating tensions.
The second-most popular option is adhering to Asean’s traditional stance of not siding with either China or the US, though support has slid marginally. Among Singapore respondents, this view rose to 35.9 per cent from 33.7 per cent in 2023.
On the findings, ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute director and chief executive Choi Shing Kwok said: “The results reflect heightened regional concerns over economic issues and the risk that unrestrained geopolitical rivalry can adversely affect the region’s interests in the short to medium term.”
On the other hand, the region remains hopeful that major powers can cooperate on issues of mutual benefit and welcomes other major powers in the region to engage more closely with Asean, said Mr Choi.
