对三年自然灾害的思索

关于文革之前的三年 “自然” 灾害，见到过不少文章，书籍，和 评论。有人阐述事实，有人悲愤的评论，有人要追究历史罪人，有人要求面向未来而抛弃过去，有人认为那是胡扯造谣，更有人觉得负面历史要免提，民主论谈的结果是七嘴八舌，都有道道，互不相让，不亦乐乎。



究其原因，是因为所发言论观点时的片面性，完全不顾讲话的大前提，或不讲逻辑层次，或不懂感性理性思维方式的特点，或更不以社会发展为利益。



具体的说，首先要实事求是，尊重事实，就是要以生命之源的大自然为思维参照，而不是以人的自我为中心参照，更不是毛泽东所希望的以社会为参照，这是想与讲的大前提。认清三年灾害的事实，是进一步思考分析的起点，事实的阐述往往是不完备不全面的，这就要清楚逻辑层次，明白部分与整体，普遍与特殊，事情的不同方面，以及时空关系，才能达到恰当整合事实片段，综合完整理解历史事件。不至于一听到三年挨饿的故事就暴跳如雷，好像原子弹爆炸成功的事实也被否认掉了。



在思考三年灾害时，开始是听故事，找感觉，论人性，是运用感性思维进行综合各种情况的过程，过程中的结论感慨都是阶段性的，短期效应的，不能太当真。随着感性认识的深刻，事实的全面清晰，进入理性的系统的判断思考和程度分析，以究其发生的动因，条件，和发展的逻辑过程。



在评论三年灾害时，最流行的是感觉性评论，固然是以审美为准则，而对于人来说，以人为本，最丑陋莫过于一堆死尸。接下来出现两个相矛盾的思想感情： 一个是浅显的，死尸那是让人恶心，要求这样的实事场景不准再提了，记住冯小刚《一九四二》票房收入低迷的教训了吧！；另一个是深刻的，人命关天是大事，要记住历史事实，发人深思，分析理解教训，希望丑陋不再重现。前者显然是行动上的抹杀事实。后者做法是事出于感性而解决于理性思维，希望不要在理性的基础上再做过分强烈的感性渲染。



更理性的评论是带有强烈的社会发展的目的性和社会利益的责任感。面向实际的考虑，社会不是个人，个人的罪责可以追究，但社会的罪责无人能承担得了，毛泽东的伟大也不够替代一个阶层和时代来偿还千万人命。我们能得到三年灾害的宝贵遗产只有经验教训，不管邓小平当时行为如何，但后来的认识还是十分深刻，虽有不高明之处，但还是很务实。社会意识形态的改朝换代会有副作用，前苏联建国之初的十年间，同样也出现过饥饿潮。如果我们认为历史事实就是用来讨债和惩罚用的，而不是用于现实发展的经验，那么我们就确确实实是文化大革命的余孽。如果我们依然相信推翻整个上层阶层就能安魂三年灾害的千万饿鬼，结果很可能是十年后历史重演，因为我们只顾追求表面合理，却又回归内在因果。



经验教训的作用能使思维的判断更具体准确，要放弃表面追求而善于准确理解本质并务实。

[墙根儿]

回复周芷若的评论:

我估计你一定是个非常伶俐之人，而且反应颇快，结交甚广。

[墙根儿]

回复唵啊吽的评论:

完全同意你的分析和论断！！
不同性质的东西是不可比的，用定量的方式比较不同性质的东西或事情更是可笑的自欺欺人。
经济学上有一个难题，即如何等价交换不同使用价值的东西？最后找到货币做中介物，进行定量交换，后来发现这个量（价格）根本与东西的使用价值没关系，而只跟供求相关，于是直到今天还在猛炒，结果麻烦不断，。。。。

[唵啊吽]

Some people compare Three Years of Disaster to Naking Massacre, and say Communist China kills more people than Naking Massacre. Such a comparing is totally wrong. It was true that many people died during Cultural Revolution and Communist government was responsible for that. Chinese people and Communist Party have all admitted that. Just like every year many people died of gun crime in US. US people and government admit the fact and everybody know that it’s the reasonability of US government to reduce the gun crimes. Saying Communist China kills more people than Nanking massacre, however, is just the same as saying democratic America kills more American than 911 attract. As every year about 10 thousands of American was killed in gun crimes.

The difference between Culture Revelation as well as three years of disaster and Nanking massacre is just the same as between US gun crimes and 911. One is due to social instability and bad government policies, and other is due to foreign invasion. During Culture Revolution, the death rate is much higher for government officials and CCP officials than the rate in other group. Saying communist China kills more people than Nanking massacre is just the same as saying Democratic America is killing more America than 911. During three years of disaster, many poor Chinese died of hunger, Chinese people know that, and Chinese government know that, and they all know something is not correct, just like US people know that so many gun crimes in US is not correct. There are more poor people died in three years of disaster than government officials is just like there are more poor people fall as gun crimes victims in US. There must be some communists died during three years of disasters, and many who died have relatives as communists. As we know, during civil war in China, it was the most poor who joint the Communist Party. 1959 was only 10 year after civil war and majority of Chinese population was still in countryside. At that time, most of government and party officials were come from the countryside and come from poor families. If there are someone who wants to killed Chinese people intentionally during 1959-1961 and Cultural Revolution, then it should be United States and Soviet Union. They succeed in putting economic sanction on China, which led to humanitarian disasters indirectly.

Communist China is bad. Chinese know it. But Chinese are not foolish enough to overthrow it, as they know that the present China is still the best among all other forms of governments they tried since Opium War. Since Opium War, Chinese tried democracy under Sun Yet-sent but all the Western countries, including democratic ones, just support local war lords in China to extent their state interest at the expense of Chinese democracy and at the expense of Chinese people. That’s why Dr. Sun turned to Soviet and welcomed Communist in China.

In the last a few decades, poverty population reduced all over the world, and China made the number one contribution in reducing world poverty. Many poor peasants of yesterday are rich entrepreneurs today in China, thanks to market economy adapted by Communist China. Regardless the label put on China as communist or capitalist, the present Chinese government works for the better of China and the world.

[周芷若]

你这说的是鸟语？没看懂。也许你就是不想让人看懂吧，