欢迎叙利亚难民
廖康
说起移民，人们都会想到法国1886年送给美国庆祝独立一百一十周年的礼物——高耸在纽约港的自由女神像，这是美国移民传统的象征。但很多人也许不记得在自由女神像底部有一块铜匾，上面刻着美国诗人艾玛· 拉萨儒斯Emma Lazarus的十四行诗《新巨人》“The New Colossus”，最后几行说：
把你疲惫、贫穷、挤成一团、
渴望自由呼吸的众人送来吧，
把你富饶海岸的垃圾送来吧。
把丧失家园、历经风浪的人送给我，
我在这金门一侧举灯迎迓!
无疑，这些人就是难民了。有些读者对诗人把难民比喻作垃圾而不满。但很明显，诗人是在强调，美国欢迎的正是那些最穷困、最低贱、生活在最底层、无人收留、无家可归的难民。即便富国把他们当作垃圾扫地出门，美国也欢迎。
美国就是这样一个移民国家。绝大多数移民虽然不是难民，但更不是富人。他们有的是逃避宗教迫害，有的是逃避政治迫害，有的是逃避战乱，有的是逃避饥馑，但更多人只是怀着对新生活的憧憬，怀着对自由的向往来到这个新世界。他们努力奋斗，辛勤工作，从无到有，建立起自己的家园，同时也为美国做出贡献。
而今天，美国五十个州，竟然有半数以上的州长表示不肯接受叙利亚难民；其主要原因就是法国首都巴黎的恐怖分子袭击事件。他们的理由是，恐怖分子会混在难民中进入美国，给美国的安全造成威胁。新泽西的州长——共和党总统候选人——克里斯蒂竟然说他的州不接受任何难民，“连五岁以下的孤儿也不接受。” *
显然，这就不是担心什么恐怖分子了。实际上，美国对难民的背景调查是非常严格的。每个难民都要经过联合国难民局、美国国务院、联邦调查局、国土安全部和国防部的审查，有一关通不过都不能获得避难。审查过程需要十八个月到两年之久。在美国进行恐怖活动的有难民吗？自9/11以来，受到美国庇护的难民人数共有七十八万四千三百九十五人，其中只有三人因恐怖活动而被捕，远远少于通过其它方式进入美国并企图进行恐怖活动的移民。难怪有人诘问：那美国还接受不接受从叙利亚来的学生？还接受不接受从其它阿拉伯国家来的学生或游客？如果这些叙利亚人或其它国家的阿拉伯人已经入了其它国籍了，比如比利时，那我们让不让他们来呢？各种可能性还很多，美国难道要关上大门吗？
其实，与其它国家相比，美国接受的叙利亚难民很少。从2012年至今，美国只接受了2174个叙利亚难民，多数是妇女和儿童。与此同时，黎巴嫩虽然只有四百五十万国民，却已经接受了一百二十万叙利亚难民，比例最高。土耳其有七千五百万人口，已经接受了两百万叙利亚难民。如果说中东国家有更多帮助邻国的义务，那德国也接受了44910个叙利亚难民，瑞典接受了13220个。就连小小的瑞士都接受了2830个，超过了美国。就是在这种情况下，奥巴马总统才宣布要在今后一年内接受一万名叙利亚难民。这才不愧为自由世界的领袖，这才不会让自由女神蒙羞。
有人说，你引用的那浪漫诗句，你占领的道德高地听上去美丽动人，但实际上还不是让我们纳税人买单。对，这才是他们不欢迎难民的真正原因。他们担心难民会占他们的便宜，抢他们的工作，夺走他们的机会。我也是美国公民，但我并没有这种担心。因为我知道新移民，尤其是难民志气最高，干劲最大。他们才不会占我们的便宜。正相反，他们是美国发展的动力之一。
我没有统计数字，但看看身边的人吧。是谁在工作着？是谁在吃救济？我没有见到过一个新移民靠纳税人养活。那些依靠福利制，领取食品券，还有出卖尊严，以要饭为生的懒汉不都是在美国生活了很多代的人吗？当然，我说的那些人不包括有病或身体残疾的不幸者，而是指有工作能力，却不肯努力的人。他们早已失去了新移民的进取精神，沦落为懒惰、吸毒、酗酒的俘虏。美国的失业率今年五月仍是5.5%，但我们知道这在很大程度上是假象。其实不是没有工作，而是很多人不肯工作。我们这些第一代移民都知道，要想打工，总有的干。谁都可以在美国谋生，只要你肯干那些懒汉不愿意干的工作。所谓移民抢了美国公民的饭碗，那不是政客骗人的鬼话，就是懒汉自欺欺人的借口。
叙利亚难民的敌人和我们的敌人是共同的。我们无论从道义上，还是从利益上考虑，都应该尽量接受经过严格审查，投奔美国来的难民。如果远在巴黎的一次恐怖袭击就打掉了美国的信仰，就让美国成为惊弓之鸟，就改变了美国的移民国策，那才真是恐怖主义的胜利。我相信，自由女神手持的火炬不会在我们这一代熄灭。自由女神底座上的诗句不会被美国人忘记。
* 本文引语及数字见：
http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/nov/19/syrian-refugees-in-america-fact-from-fiction-congress
2015年11月21日
LZ好天真呀。您不知道吗？自由女神塑像下的诗句早被美国移民局改成了“Give me your healthy, your wealthy and your well educated.” 如果LZ已经移民美国，一定明白美国移民局对移民的这些要求的吧。美国确实每年接受难民，不过就像西方其他国家那样，但是，千万别再拿纽约市自由女神像底座上的zuo Emma Lazarus的诗句说事，那早就过时了。当下的时局是，纽约的双子楼被穆斯林炸了，巴黎数百无辜市民被穆斯林扫射身亡。。。
脑子有病吧？纽约的双子楼是被穆斯林里的恐怖分子炸了，巴黎数百无辜市民是被穆斯林里的恐怖分子扫射身亡的。不要把广大的穆斯林和他们中间的少部分的恐怖分子画等号。
楼主难道生活在真空？也不读任何英文报纸？Google一下immigrants on Welfare你就知道纳税人花在新移民身上多少钱了。你也可以知道移民用福利的百分比有多大了。除非你这里说的新移民只是你认识的几个留学过来留下来的中国人。
http://www.wenxuecity.com/news/2015/11/23/4732145.html
Nicholas Kristof NOV. 21, 2015 NOV. 21, 2015
AS anti-refugee hysteria sweeps many of our political leaders, particularly Republicans, I wonder what they would have told a desperate refugee family fleeing the Middle East. You’ve heard of this family: a carpenter named Joseph, his wife, Mary, and their baby son, Jesus.
According to the Gospel of Matthew, after Jesus’ birth they fled to save Jesus from murderous King Herod (perhaps the 2,000-year-ago equivalent of Bashar al-Assad of Syria?). Fortunately Joseph, Mary and Jesus found de facto asylum in Egypt — thank goodness House Republicans weren’t in charge when Jesus was a
1 of 4 11/23/15 11:55 AM
‘The Statue of Liberty Must Be Crying With Shame’ - The New Yo... http://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/22/opinion/sunday/the-statue-of-...
refugee!
The vote by the House of Representatives effectively to slam the door on Syrian refugees was the crassest kind of political grandstanding, scapegoating some of the world’s most vulnerable people to score political points. As a woman named Maria Radford tweeted me after the vote, “the Statue of Liberty must be crying with shame.”
Yes, security is a legitimate concern. And, yes, we can’t rule out the possibility that a terrorist will slip in with the refugees. Among refugees admitted to the U.S. since 9/11, there has been about one arrest for terrorism offenses for every 250,000 refugees, according to the Migration Policy Institute.
Then again, by my back-of-the-envelope calculations there’s maybe a 100-times greater likelihood that, say, a Floridian will turn out to be a murderer over a 10-year period than that a refugee will attempt terrorism. So if we’re willing to allow Floridians free entry into other states, allowing Syrian refugees shouldn’t be a problem.
Let’s be real: Refugee admission is the most deeply vetted pathway into the United States. Even for Iraqis who worked as translators for our military, risking their lives to keep Americans alive and enjoying strong support of American officers, vetting can take a couple of years.
That’s why the 9/11 attackers didn’t enter the U.S. as refugees, but as students and tourists. If a terrorist group wants to attack America, it won’t wait two years to try to infiltrate as refugees. It’ll send people in as students or tourists, use fake or stolen U.S. or European passports, or just pay a human smuggler to take their terrorists across the border from Mexico or Canada.
In any case, the Paris attackers identified so far were of French and Belgian nationality, not Syrian. One was carrying a Syrian passport, true, but it apparently wasn’t his own and was perhaps meant to create an anti-Syrian backlash.
The Islamic State’s strategy is to create a wedge in the West between Muslims and non-Muslims. Whether that strategy succeeds depends on us: Will we clamp
2 of 4 11/23/15 11:55 AM
‘The Statue of Liberty Must Be Crying With Shame’ - The New Yo... http://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/22/opinion/sunday/the-statue-of-...
down with the harsh reaction the Islamic State sought?
When we’re fearful we make bad decisions. That was true around World War II, when we denied refuge to European Jews and interned Japanese-Americans. That was true after 9/11, when we invaded Iraq and engaged in torture.
As George Takei, the Japanese-American actor who was interned for four years as a child, wrote in a Facebook post after the Paris attacks: “There no doubt will be those who look upon immigrants and refugees as the enemy as a result of these attacks, because they look like those who perpetrated these attacks, just as peaceful Japanese-Americans were viewed as the enemy after Pearl Harbor. But we must resist the urge to categorize and dehumanize, for it is that very impulse that fueled the insanity and violence perpetrated this evening.”
The demagoguery about refugees leaves me with an ache in the gut because, as I noted in my last column, I am the son of a refugee. Some 65 years ago, my Armenian/Polish/Romanian father was wandering Europe just as the Syrian refugees are today. Because Americans took a chance on him, I’m in a position to write this appeal for similar empathy today.
Sure, some Syrians are terrorists, but some of the people I most admire in the world are Syrian doctors and “White Helmets” who help the victims of violence. House Republicans would block these heroes, would bar even the Yazidi and Christian victims of terrorists.
Republican leaders say they simply want to tighten security to keep America safe. That’s an echo of what American officials claimed in the late 1930s and early 1940s as they blocked the entry of Jewish refugees.
Breckinridge Long, then a senior State Department official in charge of visas, warned that Nazi spies were trying to enter the U.S. as refugees. In the name of security, he established vetting rules so strict that few Jews could pass.
“We can delay and effectively stop for a temporary period of indefinite length the number of immigrants,” Long boasted in a 1940 memo. His callous security requirements led to the deaths of many tens of thousands of Jews.
3 of 4 11/23/15 11:55 AM
‘The Statue of Liberty Must Be Crying With Shame’ - The New Yo... http://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/22/opinion/sunday/the-statue-of-...
Yes, security was a legitimate concern then, as it is now, but security must be leavened with common sense and a bit of heart.
To seek to help desperate refugees in a secure way is not nai?vete?. It’s not sentimentality. It’s humanity.
I invite you to sign up for my free, twice-weekly newsletter. When you do, you’ll receive an email about my columns as they’re published and other occasional commentary. Sign up here.I also invite you to visit my blog, On the Ground. Please also join me on Facebook and Google+, watch my YouTube videos and follow me on Twitter (@NickKristof).
A version of this op-ed appears in print on November 22, 2015, on page SR9 of the New York edition with the headline: ‘The Statue of Liberty Must Be Crying’ .
? 2015 The New York Times Company
4 of 4 11/23/15 11:55 AM
像你这样的阅历真的应该少在公共场合发言。还有就是你应该多了解一些伊斯兰教，以及当今世界穆斯林团体之间关系什么的。
不久前国防部的一个计划失败，就是在招募可以派出境外执行任务的穆斯林时，找不到志愿对抗IS的。他们有别的宗教和政治敌人。在招募问卷里一堆'志愿于打击XXX'的选项中，令人吃惊的，几乎没人选择'打击IS'。
https://petitions.whitehouse.gov/petition/stop-resettlement-syrian-refugees-america
作者怎麼知道这些中东难民来了就是劳动市场的急先锋？事实是穆斯林跟东亚人完全不一样，他们到了欧洲后不去工作，每家拼命生孩子，每天就去清真寺祷告，一天祷告五次
==== 同意
他们的文化有问题，他们后代才令人担心。
我反对这些难民，他们的美国梦是什么我不知道，我知道他们的子女的美国梦很可能和我们不同。看看袭击巴黎的这些当地二代们，不缺吃不缺穿，可人家心目中的美好世界是不同的，人家要改造你。
干脆抄来：
6 Reasons to Welcome Syrian Refugees After Paris
After the attacks on Paris, many politicians--including (so far) the governors of Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana, Michigan, and Texas--have called for stopping refugee flows to the United States from the Middle East, claiming that the refugee process poses a major threat to America's security. Here are six reasons why ending U.S. refugee resettlement is a senseless and reactionary approach:
1. The Paris attackers were not refugees: Assuming that the user of a fake Syrian passport found near the body of an attacker belonged to the attacker, which isn't clear, he exploited the flow of people into Europe, but he was not a refugee. He did not receive refugee designation from the United Nations or vetting from intelligence agencies. He was never approved for refugee status in any country. To become a refugee in the United States, you undergo a multi-stage vetting process and only after receiving U.N. designation by trained officers in the field. The U.S. can vet refugees prior to admission, which means we can weed out terrorists and those most likely to become involved in terrorism, accepting only the most vulnerable. Europe cannot do the same. What happened in Paris is not applicable to the U.S. refugee process.
2. U.S. refugees don't become terrorists: The history of the U.S. refugee program demonstrates that the lengthy and extensive vetting that all refugees must undergo is an effective deterrent for terrorists. Since 1980, the U.S. has invited in millions of refugees, including hundreds of thousands from the Middle East. Not one has committed an act of terrorism in the U.S. Traditional law enforcement and security screening processes have a proven record of handling the threat from refugees.
3. Other migration channels are easier to exploit than the U.S. refugee process: The previous point can also be made another way. Non-refugees have carried out all terrorist attacks over the past 35 years. That means they used other means to arrive in the U.S. All of the 9/11 hijackers used student or tourist visas. These visas are much easier and faster to obtain than refugee status, which takes up to two years and requires a multi-stage vetting process and U.N. referral. Refugee status is the single most difficult way to come to the U.S. It makes no sense for a terrorist to try to use the resettlement process for an attack.
4. ISIS sees Syrian refugees as traitors: According to ISIS, Syrian Muslim refugees are traitors to the radical Islamic cause. "It is correct for Muslims to leave the lands of the infidel for the lands of Islam, but not vice versa," one ISIS video said in September. Here are several other examples of similar condemnation from this year. Nearly 90 percent of displaced Syrians in Turkey have no sympathy for ISIS at all, even though ISIS is fighting the person, Syrian dictator Bashar al-Assad, who most refugees see as their main enemy. Kurdish and Christian refugees see ISIS as their main foe. Some have speculated that the attacker in Paris intentionally left the fake Syrian passport near his body to help turn the West against Syrian refugees. Turning away Syrian refugees plays into ISIS's hands.
5. Turning away allies will make us less safe: Callous disregard for the fate of refugees--our potential allies in the war against ISIS--will drive them back into the hands of the person they are fleeing: Bashar al-Assad, the hated Syrian dictator. This will lead some refugees to see ISIS as their only remaining ally and safeguard against Assad. The evidence in the academic literature is that keeping refugees penned-up in camps near the zone of conflict increases terrorism in those areas, but resettling them outside of those areas does not. During the Cold War, we used refugee resettlement to gain foreign policy assets, spies, allies, and spokesmen to refute the enemy's propaganda. In the fight against ISIS, allies gained from aiding refugees will be as important as any weapon we have.
6. America should demonstrate moral courage: During World War II, the U.S. turned away Jews due to security concerns. We sent shiploads back to the camps because we were scared that Nazi spies could hide in their midst (which was not an entirely unfounded concern). The lesson of the Holocaust, as I noted here, is that we must deal with threats without rejecting our ethical obligations. We must not send those fleeing persecution back to their persecutors. The definition of moral courage is to resist allowing fear to overwhelm our humanity.
Update: No, the Boston bombers were not refugees. They came over as the very young children of an asylee, which is a completely different vetting process.
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/david-bier/syrian-refugees-paris_b_8577480.html
对伊斯兰教毫无了解才会有此线上这些歪曲，我懒得一一驳斥。ISIS的主要作战对象是不纯洁的穆斯林，他们杀死的穆斯林远远多于不信伊斯兰教的人。不要把伊斯兰教极端分子和大多数穆斯林混同为一体。同理，基督教徒中也有极端分子，他们不代表广大基督教徒。ISIS是人类公敌，美国对其壮大也有责任，对其后果应该有所担当。也应该与法俄联手，灭了它。
我不信任何教，只是站在人道主义的立场上说话。但我并不是只谈理想，不考虑利益。我没有见到任何人说出收留难民的可能并可信的利益损失，无可论战。
看不懂“不定时炸弹”是什么意思？可以原谅。
但是开骂就未免有些丢了自己假惺惺的“善良”脸面了，对潜在的恐怖分子体贴入味，对表达不同意见的人，恶毒诅咒，难道就是你的安身立命所在？
与你相反，把一个不定时炸弹放在家里，整天让人提心吊胆，你能安心，你可以因此而活得很好，我做不到。
我可以捐款去帮助别人，但是绝不同意拿我的税金去引进“危险”。正如我前面说过的，你大可给联邦政府写信，要求那些难民成为你的邻居，但是你不能因为别人不愿意而强人所难。这里是个民主国家，你的意志不能强加给别人。
最好的人道救援方式是在穆斯林集中的中东地区开辟新的难民区，给予经济教育和医疗援助。虽然花费巨大但是比起把恐怖分子迎进你家里来可能造成的破坏，那还是要小得多。
你要是实在要表爱心，把难民迎到你家里，好吃好喝招待，出了事你负责。你有你的自由发挥你的爱心，不要强迫别人。这也是自由民主的精神。
回复 '匆匆客' 的评论 : 这世界只考虑自己，不考虑别人，就能安身立命了吗？？？
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对不起，我没有那么大的世界观，考虑自己都还考虑不过来呐，没有资格去考虑那些恐怖分子的安危。你们有如此的胸怀，请把这些难民，安置到你家，一方面体现出你们的大世界观，另一方面也请你们注意一下他们的动向，让其他人放心。才是解决问题的根本之法，
无论你们对穆斯林多么好，多么包容，他们每天都在念消灭你们的《古兰经》，并且为此磕头、禁食和祷告。
奴役你们，消灭你们，是真主的命令。
这就是伊斯兰的核心——“圣战”，也是美国因势利导，培植并利用伊斯兰恐怖主义来祸害别国，在货币战争的战略中用来祸害别国的重要武器。
《博大精深，源远流长的伊斯兰欺骗艺术和圣战文化》
网址：http://t.cn/RzzCCcS
《伊斯兰本质：我们因何而恐惧： 一个一千四百年的秘密【视频】》
视频地址：http://www.tudou.com/programs/view/_uj30X_NugU