【翻译听写】练习之17 - 原文 + 注释 (An Important Aspect of College Life)

An Important Aspect of College Life
 
　　
It is perfectly possible to organize the life of our colleges in such a way that students and teachers alike will take part in it; in such a way that a perfectly natural daily intercourse will be established between them; and it is only by such an organization that they can be given real vitality as places of serious training(1), be made communities in which youngsters will come fully to realize(2) how interesting intellectual work is, how vital, how important, how closely associated with(3) all modern achievement- only by such an organization that study can be made to seem part of life itself. Lectures often seem very formal and empty things; recitations generally prove very dull and unrewarding.
 
It is in conversation and natural intercourse with scholars chiefly that you find how lively knowledge is, how it ties into everything that is interesting and important, how intimate a part it is of everything that is interesting and important, how intimate a part it is of everything that is "practical'' and connected with the world. Men are not always made thoughtful by books; but they are generally made thoughtful by association with men who think.
 
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　   by Woodrow Wilson

注释:

(1) as places of serious training：进行严格训练的地方。用as引出的这个词组用来进一步说明前面的主语they(指colleges)。
(2) come fully to realize；(逐渐)充分认识到。
(3) how closely associated with…：与……多么紧密联系。此处associated为过去分词，how closely associated with all modern achievement与how vital， how important并列，用来补充说明前面的how interesting intellectual work is, 它们后面可以看作都各自省略了不起intellectual work is.

[EnLearner]

It is in conversation and natural intercourse with scholars chiefly that you find how lively knowledge is, how it ties into everything that is interesting and important, how intimate a part it is of everything that is interesting and important, how intimate a part it is of everything that is "practical'' and connected with the world.

这是一个强调句:
It is in conversation and natural intercourse with scholars chiefly that you find how lively knowledge is....

 
强调句可有（不限于）以下句型：

It + Be (+ Not And/Or Adverb) + Emphasised Word/Phrease + That(Who) Clause
Or
Wh-Clauss + Be + Emphasised Word/Phrase

例如：

SENTENCE Mike took Sally to the party on Saturday.

改成强调句可有下面几种方法（根据要强调的成分）：

EMPHASIS ON THE SUBJECT   It was Mike who took Sally to the party on Saturday.
EMPHASIS ON THE OBJECT   It was Sally that Mike took to the party on Saturday.
EMPHASIS ON THE ADVERBIAL   It was on Saturday that Mike took Sally to the party.
EMPHASIS ON THE PREP. PHRASE   It was to the party that Mike took Sally on Saturday.
EMPHASIS ON THE ACTION   What Mike did was (to) take Sally to the party

Ref: Emphaitc Structure: Cleft Sentences
http://mbgortiz.files.wordpress.com/2008/11/cleft_sentences1.pdf

 
以前的翻译听写练习文章里见过的强调句有：
 
(The Importance of Scientific Experiments): It is Galileo's spirit of going direct to Nature, and verifying our opinions and theories by experiment, that. has led to all the great discoveries of modern science.
 
(A Little Girl): Yet it was not her beauty so much as the look she gave me that fascinated me, melted me.

 
最后一句: Men are not always made thoughtful by books; but they are generally made thoughtful by association with men who think. 
与君一席话，胜读是年书？

Additional notes:

mutual Usage Note: Mutual is used to describe a reciprocal relationship between two or more people or things. Thus their mutual animosity means "their animosity for each other" or "the animosity between them," and a mutual defense treaty is one in which each party agrees to come to the defense of the other. But many people also use mutual to mean "shared in common," as in The bill serves the mutual interests of management and labor. This usage is perhaps most familiar in the expression our mutual friend, which was widespread even before Charles Dickens used it as the title of a novel. While some language critics have objected to this usage because it does not include the notion of reciprocity, it appears in the writing of some of our greatest authors, including Shakespeare, Edmund Burke, George Eliot, and James Joyce, and it continues to be used by well-respected writers today.   that and which   Usage Note: The standard rule requires that that should be used only to introduce a restrictive (or defining) relative clause, which identifies the entity being talked about; in this use it should never be preceded by a comma. Thus, in the sentence The house that Jack built has been torn down, the clause that Jack built is a restrictive clause identifying the specific house that was torn down. Similarly, in I am looking for a book that is easy to read, the restrictive clause that is easy to read tells what kind of book is desired. A related rule stipulates that which should be used with nonrestrictive (or nondefining) clauses, which give additional information about an entity that has already been identified in the context; in this use, which is always preceded by a comma. Thus, we say The students in Chemistry 101 have been complaining about the textbook, which (not that) is hard to follow. The clause which is hard to follow is nonrestrictive in that it does not indicate which text is being complained about; even if the clause were omitted, we would know that the phrase the textbook refers to the text in Chemistry 101. · Some grammarians extend the rule and insist that, just as that should be used only in restrictive clauses, which should be used only in nonrestrictive clauses. Thus, they suggest that we should avoid sentences such as I need a book which will tell me all about city gardening, where the restrictive clause which will tell me all about city gardening indicates which sort of book is needed. But this extension of the rule is far from universally accepted, and the use of which with restrictive clauses is common. Furthermore, since that cannot be used with clauses introduced by a preposition (whether or not restrictive), which is used with both clauses when such a clause is joined by and or or to another that does not begin with a preposition, as in It is a philosophy in which the common man may find solace and which many have found reason to praise. Such constructions are often considered cumbersome, however, and it may be best to recast the sentence completely to avoid the problem. · That is often omitted in a relative clause when the subject of the clause is different from the word that the clause refers to. Thus, we may say either the book that I was reading or the book I was reading. In addition, that is commonly omitted before other kinds of subordinate clauses, as in I think we should try again where that would precede we. These constructions omitting that are entirely idiomatic, even in more formal contexts. See Usage Notes at doubt, this, whatever, which, who. Usage: Precise stylists maintain a distinction between that and which: that is used as a relative pronoun in restrictive clauses and which in nonrestrictive clauses. In the book that is on the table is mine, the clause that is on the table is used to distinguish one particular book (the one on the table) from another or others (which may be anywhere, but not on the table). In the book, which is on the table, is mine, the which clause is merely descriptive or incidental. The more formal the level of language, the more important it is to preserve the distinction between the two relative pronouns; but in informal or colloquial usage, the words are often used interchangeably

汉译

大学生活的一个重要方面

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　伍德罗·威尔逊

　　完全有可能把我们大学的生活组织得使学生和教师都参加在其中，使师生之间产生完全自然的日常交流；只有通过这样的组织，才能使大学这种严格地培养人的地方真正充满朝气，才能使它们成为共同生活的团体，年轻人在其中会充分认识到脑力劳动是多么有趣味，多么充满活力，多么重要，并且与一切现代成就有着多么紧密的联系--只有通过这样的组织，才能使学习似乎成为生活本身的组成部分。课堂讲授常常显得很一本正经而空洞无物，背诵往往非常枯燥而收效甚微。主要是在与学者们的谈话和自然的交往中，你才能懂得知识是多么生气蓬勃，知识与一切有趣和重要的事物是多么紧密相连，它是这些事物的不可分割的一部分，是一切'实用的"以及与当今世界有关的事物密切相连的一部分。读书并不一定能使人变得善于思考，但是，一般说来，与善于思考的人们交往，就能使人好学善思。

作者简介

WILSON, WOODROW (1856--1924) 28th President of the U.S. (1913--1921). He graduated from Princeton and became a professor of jurisprudence and political economy at the university (1890), of which he was president (1902--1910), introducing many social and educational reforms in the university, including a 'preceptorial system' of small classes. His works include A History of the American People (1902) in 5 volumes, The Brew Freedom (1913), etc.

　　伍德罗·威尔逊(1856-1924) 美国第二十八任总统 (1913-1921)。威尔逊毕业于普林斯顿大学，1890年任该大学法学及政治经济学教授， 1902至1910年任该校校长。在大学里提倡社会改革和教育改革，包括实行小班"导师制"。其著作有五卷《美国人民的历史》(1902)、《新自由》(1913)等。


连节：

【翻译听写】练习之之17 -- 大学生活的一个重要方面