颐和园,中国清朝时期的皇家行宫和大型皇家园林,前身为清漪园,坐落在北京西郊,占地290公顷(合4400亩)。颐和园修建于清朝乾隆年间、重建于光绪年间,以昆明湖、万寿山为基址,以杭州西湖为蓝本,汲取江南园林的设计手法而建成的一座大型山水园林,也是保存最完整的一座皇家行宫御苑。颐和园是中国现存最大的皇家园林,与承德避暑山庄、拙政园、留园并称为中国四大名园。
颐和园全园有各式建筑3000余间,园内布局可分为政治、生活、游览三个区域。风景游览区,以万寿山前山、后山、后湖、昆明湖为主,是全园的主要组成部分,占颐和园总面积的四分之三。万寿山后山、后湖古木成林,有藏式寺庙,苏州河古买卖街。自万寿山顶的智慧海向下,由佛香阁、德辉殿、排云殿、排云门、云辉玉宇坊,构成了一条层次分明的中轴线。山下是一条长700多米的长廊,长廊和廊中的绘画有很高的艺术价值,它将园内各个景点有机地联系起来烘托园林整体的美。昆明湖中有三座岛屿,分别名为南湖岛、藻鉴堂岛、治镜阁岛,由一条西堤将昆明湖一分为二。
颐和园拥有丰富制式的园林建筑和景观营造手法,涵盖了中国传统名著中的亭台楼阁,轩榭台堂。规划于清朝的鼎盛时期,这段时期也是中国古典园林发展史上最辉煌的时期,因此颐和园/清漪园积淀深厚的中国园林文化传统,成为中国古典园林艺术的集大成者,是举世罕见的园林艺术杰作。。
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