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The sun is the source of almost all the energy on Earth. First, there's the obvious solar energy. Then, solar energy is required, as you noted, for plant growth; without plants, there would be no coal, since coal is compacted plant material. Animals would not be able to live without plants, so there would also be no oil, since oil is formed when small marine animals die and collect on the seafloor. Additionally, there would be no natural gas either. Wind power would also not exist because it is the sun's uneven heating of different areas of the Earth that causes high and low pressure areas, and therefore wind. Hydroelectric power also relies on the sun, because the sun supplies energy to evaporate water from the oceans and transfer it to higher altitudes where that water can become a river. Nuclear power theoretically would remain, but would be heavily crippled, because plutonium-239, the isotope used in most nuclear power plants, requires conventional forms of energy to make.
As for energy that does not rely on the sun, geothermal power would not be impacted by the absence of the sun. Tidal power would be slightly affected, but not much, because it is much more significantly influenced by the moon. However, geothermal and tidal energy account for very little compared to coal, natural gas, oil, hydroelectric, nuclear, and solar power.
The sun is the source of almost all the energy on Earth. First, there's the obvious solar energy. Then, solar energy is required, as you noted, for plant growth; without plants, there would be no coal, since coal is compacted plant material. Animals would not be able to live without plants, so there would also be no oil, since oil is formed when small marine animals die and collect on the seafloor. Additionally, there would be no natural gas either. Wind power would also not exist because it is the sun's uneven heating of different areas of the Earth that causes high and low pressure areas, and therefore wind. Hydroelectric power also relies on the sun, because the sun supplies energy to evaporate water from the oceans and transfer it to higher altitudes where that water can become a river. Nuclear power theoretically would remain, but would be heavily crippled, because plutonium-239, the isotope used in most nuclear power plants, requires conventional forms of energy to make.
As for energy that does not rely on the sun, geothermal power would not be impacted by the absence of the sun. Tidal power would be slightly affected, but not much, because it is much more significantly influenced by the moon. However, geothermal and tidal energy account for very little compared to coal, natural gas, oil, hydroelectric, nuclear, and solar power.
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