道德经聚会主题（11）- 治人事天（59-61）

聚会日期：2013年2月12日，12点

探讨内容：

Virtue, the root of politics

Dao, the ultimate policy to peace

Humbleness, the way to harmonize nations

帛本：

治人事天莫若啬，夫唯啬，是以早服，早服是谓重积德。重积德则无不克，无不克则莫知其极。莫知其极，可以有国。有国之母，可以长久。是谓深根固柢，长生久视之道也。

治大国若烹小鲜，以道莅天下，其鬼不神。非其鬼不神也，其神不伤人也。非其神不伤人也，圣人亦弗伤也。夫两不相伤。故德交归焉。

大邦者，下流也；天下之牝，天下之交也；牝恒以静胜牡。为其静也，故宜为下。大邦以下小邦，则取小邦；小邦以下大邦，则取于大邦。故或下以取，或下而取。故大邦者，不过欲兼畜人，小邦者，不过欲入事人，夫皆得其欲，则大者宜为下。

参照其他本:

治人事天，莫若啬。夫唯啬，是谓早服；早服谓之重积德；重积德则无不克；无不克则莫知其极，莫知其极，可以有国；有国之母，可以长久。是谓根深固柢，长生久视之道。

治大国，若烹小鲜，以道莅天下，其鬼不神。非其鬼不神，其神不伤人。非其神不伤人，圣人亦不伤人。夫两不相伤，故德交归焉。

大邦者下流，天下之牝，天下之交也。牝常以静胜牡，以静为下。故大邦以下小邦，则取小邦；小邦以下大邦，则取大邦。故或下以取，或下而取。大邦不过欲兼畜人，小邦不过欲入事人。夫两者各得所欲，大者宜为下。

英文对照

59.1 To govern men in accord with nature It is best to be restrained; 
59.2 Restraint makes agreement easy to attain, And easy agreement builds harmonious relationships; With sufficient harmony no resistance will arise; When no resistance arises, then you possess the heart of the nation, 
59.3 And when you possess the nation's heart, your influence will long endure: 
59.4 Deeply rooted and firmly established. This is the method of far sight and long life. 

60.1 Manage a great nation as you would cook a delicate fish. 
60.2 When you use the Way to conquer the world, Your demons will lose their power to harm. 
60.3 It is not that those manes have not that spiritual energy, but it will not be employed to hurt men. It is not that it could not hurt men, but neither does the ruling sage hurt them. 
60.4 When neither you nor your demons can do harm, You will be at peace with them. 

61.1 A nation is like a hierarchy, a marketplace, and a maiden. A maiden wins her husband by submitting to his advances; Submission is a means of union. 
61.2 So when a large country submits to a small country It will adopt the small country; When a small country submits to a large country It will be adopted by the large country; 
61.3 The one submits and adopts; The other submits and is adopted. 
61.4 It is in the interest of a large country to unite and gain service, And in the interest of a small country to unite and gain patronage; 
61.5 If both would serve their interests, Both must submit. 

另一英文版本翻译

59.1 The essential for co-operation with heaven in the government of men, is to moderate one's action. 
59.2 This moderation should be the prime care. It procures perfect efficacy, which succeeds in everything, even the governing of the empire. 
59.3 He who possesses this mother of the empire (wise moderation), will last a long time. 
59.4 It is called the pivoting root, the solid trunk. It is the principle of perpetuity. 

60.1 To govern a great state, one should act like someone cooking a very small fish (very delicately, otherwise they break up). 
60.2 When a state is governed according to the Principle, phantoms do not appear there to harm the people, because the Sage who governs does not harm the people. 
60.3 Not that the spirits have no more powers, But their powers will not harm men./ Neither will they harm men, Nor will the Sage harm the people. 
60.4 The merit of this double tranquility (on the part of the living and the dead) comes back, therefore, to the Sage. 

61.1 If a great state lowers itself, like those holes in which water accumulates, everyone will come to it. It will belike the universal female. In her apparent passivity and inferiority, the female is superior to the male (for it is she who gives birth). 
61.2 On condition of knowing how to lower itself, a great state will win over lesser states, 
61.3 which in their turn, will lower themselves, seeking its protection. 
61.4 
61.5 For this to be realized, only one thing is needed, but it is essential. It is that the great state deigns to lower itself before the lesser ones. (if it is proud and hard, there is no hope)