道德经聚会主题（16）- 民之不畏（72,73,74）

聚会日期：2013年28日，12点 探讨内容： The nature of self (life vs. ego) Power vs. Force The ultimate judge 帛本： 民之不畏畏，则大畏将至矣。毋狎其所居，毋厌其所生。夫唯弗厌，是以不厌。是以圣人自知而不自见也，自爱而不自贵也。故去彼取此。 勇于敢则杀，勇于不敢则栝。此两者或利或害，天之所恶，孰知其故？天之道，不战而善胜，不言而善应，弗召而自来，繟而善谋。天网恢恢，疏而不失。 若民恒且不畏死，奈何以杀惧之也？若民恒且畏死，而为奇者吾得而杀之，夫孰敢矣！若民恒且必畏死，则恒有司杀者。夫代司杀者杀，是代大匠斲也。夫代大匠斲者，则希不伤其手矣。 参照其他本: 民不畏威，则大威至。无狎其所居，无厌其所生。夫唯不厌，是以不厌。是以圣人自知不自见，自爱不自贵。故去彼取此。 勇于敢则杀，勇于不敢则活。此两者，或利或害。天之所恶，孰知其故？是以圣人犹难之。天之道，不争而善胜，不应而善应，不召而自来，繟然而善谋。天网恢恢，疏而不失。 民不畏死，奈何以死惧之。若使民常畏死，而为奇者，吾得执而杀之，孰敢？常有司杀者杀。夫代司杀者杀，是谓代大匠斫，希有不伤其手者矣。

英文对照 1:

72.1 When people have nothing more to lose, Then revolution will result. 
72.2 Do not take away their lands, And do not destroy their livelihoods; If your burden is not heavy then they will not shirk it. 
72.3 The sage maintains himself but exacts no tribute, Values himself but requires no honours; He ignores abstraction and accepts substance. 

73.1 Who is brave and bold will perish; Who is brave and subtle will benefit. 
73.2 The subtle profit where the bold perish For Fate does not honour daring. And even the sage dares not tempt fate. 
73.3 Fate does not attack, yet all things are conquered by it; It does not ask, yet all things answer to it; It does not call, yet all things meet it; It does not plan, yet all things are determined by it. 
73.4 Fate's net is vast and its mesh is coarse, Yet none escape it. 

74.1 If people were not afraid of death, Then what would be the use of an executioner? 
74.2 If people were only afraid of death, And you executed everyone who did not obey, No one would dare to disobey you. Then what would be the use of an executioner? 
74.3 People fear death because death is an instrument of fate. When people are killed by execution rather than by fate, This is like carving wood in the place of a carpenter. Those who carve wood in place of a carpenter Often injure their hands.  

英文对照 2:

72.1Those (who expose themselves to danger through curiosity, love of gain, or ambition) should be afraid when they are not afraid. For they are lost. 
72.2 Do not consider your place of birth too restricting, do not become dissatisfied with the condition in which you were born. (Stay what you are and where you are. The effort to seek for better could perhaps cause you to lose you way). One does not become dissatisfied, if one does not wish to become so. (Dissatisfaction is always voluntary, coming from preparing one's situation with another, and having preference for the other).
72.3 The Sage knows his worth but does not show it, (he does not feel the need to show it off). He respects himself but does not try to be esteemed. He discerns, adopting this, and rejecting that (after the light of his wisdom). 

73.1 Active (warlike) courage procures death. Passive courage (patience, endurance) conserves life. 
73.2 Therefore there are two courages, one harmful, the other beneficial. (Patience and forbearance are always worth more than incisive action, even in government, in politics). For does heaven wish harm, or not, to this or that man, or nation? ... And why? ... Who knows? - Therefore the Sage always acts as though embarrasses, (hesitating, making up his mind with difficulty before any active intervention). 
73.3 For the way of heaven (its constant conduct), is not to intervene positively. It wins without fighting. It makes things obey without giving orders. It makes them come without calling them. It brings everything to its conclusion whilst having the appearance of letting everything drag. 
73.4 The heavenly net catches all. Its mesh is wide, but no one escapes it. 

74.1 If the people do not fear death, what is the good of trying to control them by the threat of death? 
74.2 If they fear death, then only capture and execute those who cause disorder, turning the others away from doing likewise. (The legalists who are lavish with the death penalty and believe it will sort everything out, are therefore wrong). 
74.3 The servant of death (heaven), kills, (let him do it. Let us not do his work. He alone is capable of it). The man who wants to kill may end up like those who play with the carpenter's tools, and often lose a finger in their play.