历史上的六月六日

历史上的6/6日，

 

今天是6/6日，2023年的第157天，今年还剩208天。

人类历史上的今天,发生了如下值得我关注的事件：

 

——1916

北洋军阀领袖袁世凯去世

 

袁世凯（1859年9月16日－1916年6月6日），汉族，字慰亭，号容庵，项城人，中国近代史上著名政治家、军事家，北洋新军的创始人。早年在朝鲜驻军，击败日军，归国后在天津小站督练新军。清末新政期间推动近代化改革，辛亥革命期间逼清帝溥仪退位，以和平的方式推翻清朝，统一国家，并当选为第一任中华民国大总统，选择建立君主立宪政体。在位期间积极发展实业，统一币制，创立近代化司法和教育制度。于1916年建立年号为洪宪的中华帝国，未能成功。1916年6月6日，袁世凯因尿毒症不治而亡，时年57岁，同年8月24日正式归葬于河南安阳市。

 

——1944

以美军为主的盟军在法国诺曼底登陆

 

1944年6月6日清晨，十五万盟军先头部队跨越英吉利海峡，登陆法国诺曼底海岸。

代号"霸王行动"的诺曼底战役是世界战争史上规模最大的两栖登陆战役，它使二战的态势和走向发生根本性变化。

此后，盟军奋勇前进开辟欧洲大陆第二战场。11个月后，希特勒的纳粹德国被击败，第二次世界大战宣告结束。

 

D-Day: Allies storm Normandy’s coast

Photo Credit: Smith Collection/Gado/Getty Images

On June 6, 1944, Supreme Allied Commander General Dwight D. Eisenhower gives the go-ahead for the largest amphibious military operation in history: Operation Overlord, the Allied invasion of northern France, commonly known as D-Day.

By daybreak, 18,000 British and American parachutists were already on the ground. An additional 13,000 aircraft were mobilized to provide air cover and support for the invasion. At 6:30 a.m., American troops came ashore at Utah and Omaha beaches. 

The British and Canadians overcame light opposition to capture Gold, Juno and Sword beaches; so did the Americans at Utah. The task was much tougher at Omaha beach, however, where the U.S. First Division battled high seas, mist, mines, burning vehicles—and German coastal batteries, including an elite infantry division, which spewed heavy fire. Many wounded Americans ultimately drowned in the high tide. British divisions, which landed at Gold, Juno, and Sword beaches, and Canadian troops also met with heavy German fire.

 

——1961

精神病学先驱卡尔·吉斯塔夫·荣格去世

 

卡尔·荣格(Carl Gustav Jung ，1875-1961)，瑞士心理学家。1907年开始与弗洛伊德合作，发展及推广精神分析学说长达6年之久，之后与弗洛伊德理念不和，分道扬镳，创立了荣格人格分析心理学理论，创出“情结“的概念，把人格分为内倾和外倾两种，主张把人格分为意识、个人无意识和集体无意识三层。曾任国际心理分析学会会长、国际心理治疗协会主席等，创立了荣格心理学学院。1961年6月6日逝于瑞士，他的理论和思想至今仍对心理学研究产生深远影响。

阅读全文

 

Carl Gustav Jung (/j??/ YUUNG;[21][22] German: [ka?l ?j??]; 26 July 1875 – 6 June 1961) was a Swiss psychiatristand psychoanalyst who founded analytical psychology. Jung's work has been influential in the fields of psychiatry, anthropology, archaeology, literature, philosophy, psychology,[23] and religious studies. Jung worked as a research scientist at the Burghölzli psychiatric hospital, in Zurich, under Eugen Bleuler. Jung established himself as an influential mind of his time, developing a friendship with Sigmund Freud, founder of psychoanalysis, conducting a lengthy correspondence, still paramount to their joint vision of human psychology. He is highly regarded as one of the most influential psychologists of all time.[24] [25]

 

——2013

爱德华·斯诺登披露了美国政府监视美国大众的行径

 

2013年6月6日，美国大众通过《卫报》和《华盛顿邮报》发表的一系列报告中首次获悉自己被美国政府秘密监控。消息来源于一个匿名报名人。

 

三天后，消息人士自曝是国家安全局承包商爱德华·斯诺登。人们不禁要问，他是一个单纯爆料人还是国家叛徒？

 

Edward Snowden discloses U.S. government operations

 

On June 6, 2013, Americans learned that their government was spying broadly on its own people.

That’s when The Guardian and The Washington Post published the first of a series of reports put together from documents leaked by an anonymous source. The material exposed a government-run surveillance program that monitored the communications records of not just criminals or potential terrorists, but law-abiding citizens as well.

Three days later the source unmasked himself as Edward Snowden, a National Security Agency contractor. But the question remained: Was he a whistleblower or a traitor