一段十年前1999的对美国军事工业集团的状况简介

In the councils of government, we must guard against
the acquisition of unwarranted influence, whether sought or
unsought, by the military- industrial complex.
President Dwight D. Eisenhower Farewell Address
January 17, 1961

A billion here, a billion there, sooner or later it adds up to real money.
U.S. Senator Everett Dirksen

Although down from its historic high during World War II, when it represented 20% of the civilian workforce, the defense industry continues to play a major role in shaping Pentagon procurement policy. The defense industry now employs 2.2 million people, about 2% of the civilian workforce. In Fiscal Year 1999 the Department of Defense awarded $118 billion to contractors for goods and services.

Since the end of the Cold War there has been significant consolidation in the U.S. defense industry. Many of the mergers and buyouts that have occurred in the last decade are the result of the Last Supper which took place in 1993, when then-Secretary of Defense Les Aspin urged top industry officials to consolidate or go out of business. Secretary Aspin correctly noted that the dissolution of the Soviet Union would mean lower defense budgets and fewer contracts, resulting in surplus production capacity in the industry.

A number of high-level mergers have subsequently occurred, resulting in the concentration of economic and political power in the hands of a few industry giants. For example, General Dynamics Corporation, which operates Electric Boat, acquired Bath Shipbuilding in 1995 and National Steel and Shipbuilding (NASSCO) in 1998, and now controls three of the nation\'s six shipyards which produce Navy vessels. The Big Three in the defense industry -- Lockheed Martin, Boeing and Raytheon -- alone accounted for 26% of all defense contracts in FY\'99.

The Military Industrial Complex
General information on Pentagon-contractor relations and trends.
Major U.S. Defense Contractors
Information on the nation\'s largest defense contractors.
Corporate Mergers
Resources related to defense industry consolidation.

For more information, e-mail Christopher Hellman.
网上来源：http://www.cdi.org/issues/usmi/complex/