| |||
|
1.Peking Roast Duck
Peking Duck has the reputation of being the most delicious food Beijing has to offer. Some find it a bit too greasy, but others get hooked after one taste. In any case, a Peking Duck dinner is usually a fixed item on any Beijing tour itinerary. Eating Peking Duck is also one of the two things you are absolutely supposed to do while in Beijing. The other one is climbing the Great Wall.
The place that offers the best Peking Duck is the Quan Ju De Restaurant, which has outlets at Qianmen, Hepingmen and Wangfujing. It was established 130 years ago and, if you count from the time when founder Yang Renquan began his duck business, it is 160 years old.
At Quan Ju De, ducks are immersed in condiments unique to the restaurant and are roasted directly over flames stoked by fruit-tree wood. The best roasted duck is date-red, shining with oil, but with a crisp skin and tender meat.
The chef than cuts the meat into thin slices, each having a piece of skin. Then the meat is served with very thin pancakes, Chinese onions and special sauce. The way to eat it is to coat the thin pancake with sauce, slap on a few pieces of meat and roll up the pancake. Chopsticks are optional: it is much easier just to grab the thing with your bare hands.
Another famous restaurant offering Peking duck is the Bian Yi Fang (Cheap Restaurant), which opened in 1855, nine years earlier than Quan Ju De. At Bian Yi Fang, roasting is done in an enclosed container fueled with crop stalks.
There are now hundreds of restaurants serving Peking Duck all over the city. Most of these restaurants offer ducks for 38 Yuan a piece, cheaper than that at the larger places.
2.Imperial Court Food
Imperial Court Food is a style of Chinese food that has its origins in the Imperial Palace. It is based on the foods that were served to the Emperor and his court. Now, it has become a major school of Chinese cooking and there are several places where you can sample this unique flavor. Fang Shan in Beihai Park and Ting Li Guan in the Summer Palace are the best ones. 150 years ago you would never have been able to eat this stuff, so give it a shot. It is a little expensive, however.
3.Imperial Official Food and Medicinal Food
This first type of food is particular to Beijing. In the past, Beijing officials were all very picky about what type of food they ate. The most famous type of Official food is Tan Family Food, which can be had in the Beijing Hotel. This is the preferred food of the Qing Dynasty official Tan Zongling, and was later introduced into restaurants. Another type of food is that which is described in the classic novel Dream of Red Mansions. The author, Cao Xueqin, described a number of dishes in the book and now there are several restaurants which serve this style of dish. The most famous place is the Beijing Grand View Garden Hotel. This hotel is right next to the Beijing’s Grand View Garden which is modeled after the garden described in the Dream of Red Mansions. Other restaurants featuring this novel type of food are the Jinglun Hotel and Laijinyuxuan Restaurant in Zhongshan Park.
There are hundreds of dishes that are medicated with such choice tonic materials as ginseng, deer musk, bear’s paw, Chinese wolf berry and soft-shelled turtle, the cream of the chop of Chinese medicine. The “Yang Sheng Zhai” Restaurant of Xiyuan Hotel has the best reputation among such food. Although it has been changed to Sichuan Restaurant, it still offers medicinal foods.
4.Hotpot
There are basically two kinds of hotpot restaurants in Beijing: Mongolian style and Sichuan style. The staple of both types of hotpot is mutton (yang rou). The meat is usually sliced frozen so that it curls up into a tube shape. Then you place the meat into the hotpot, which is a copper pot containing a boiling soup base. After a few seconds the meat is cooked and you dip it into a sesame butter sauce. The verb describing the action of cooking the meat this way is called “shuan”. Other shuan-ables include beef (fei niu), frozen tofu (dong dofu), Chinese cabbage (bai cai), bean sprouts (dou miao), and glass noodles (fen si). Spicy Sichuan hotpot has a soup base which can be described as either superspicy or mildly radioactive, but the pot is often divided into half spicy, half non-spicy soup pots. The soup base for Mongolian style is not spicy, and usually consists of some vegetables and seafood.
Famous Mongolian style hotpot restaurants are Neng Ren Ju at Baitasi, and Dong Lai Shun to the east of Tian’anmen Square. The most well-known Sichuan style hotpot restaurant is Jin Shan Cheng, of which there are many scattered throughout the city.
Recently there has been an explosion of buffet-style hotpot restaurants. Generally you pay a set price (often around 38 Yuan) for an all-you-can-eat meal. All-you-can-drink beer is included in the price too!
5.Traditional Snacks
Beijing has over 250 types of traditional snack foods. Many of them are made of glutinous rice, soy beans or fried materials. The king of all snack foods is called “dou zhi”. This is a strange-tasting, greenish-grey, fermented bean porridge, and if you can manage to eat a whole bowl of it you will earn great respect from your Beijing friends. Supposedly it is an acquired taste, but who wants to acquire it? For a taste of snack foods from outside of Beijing, take a trip to Snack Street, just off of Wangfujing Street. Starting from about 5:00 p.m., the vendors line up in their stalls and start selling foods from all parts of the country. You can have an entire meal’s worth of food walking from one end of the street to the other, trying this and that along the way.
Tian’anmen Square
Tian’anmen Square is one of the largest city squares in the world. It is situated in the heart of Beijing. The square was built in 1417 and was the entrance gate to the Forbidden City. Now the square stretches 880 meters from north to south and 500 meters from east to west. The total area is 440,000 square meters. That’s about the size of 60 soccer fields, spacious enough to accommodate half a million people.
Temple of Heaven
The unique architectural features of the Temple of Heaven delight numerologists, necromancers and the superstitious - not to mention acoustic engineers and carpenters. Shape, color and sound take on symbolic significance there. The temples, seen from an aerial perspective, are round, and the bases are square, derived from the ancient Chinese belief that heaven is round and the earth is square. Thus the north end of the park is semicircular and the south end is square.
> name=google_ads_frame marginWidth=0 marginHeight=0 src="http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/ads?client=ca-pub-9113737728847168&dt=1146958804171&lmt=1146958804&prev_fmts=728x90_as%2C120x240_as&format=468x60_as&output=html&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbeijingcover.com%2F%3Fp%3D19%23more-19&color_bg=FFFFFF&color_text=000000&color_link=000000&color_url=008000&color_border=FFFFFF&ad_type=text_image&ref=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.beijingcover.com%2F&cc=100&u_h=768&u_w=1024&u_ah=734&u_aw=1024&u_cd=32&u_tz=480&u_his=1&u_java=true" frameBorder=0 width=468 scrolling=no height=60 allowTransparency>
The Summer Palace
The largest and best-preserved imperial Chinese garden is situated in the northwest part of Beijing. The grounds are demarcated by Longevity Hill to the north and Kunming Lake to the south. The lake occupies three-quarters of the entire park. Longevity Hill is the focal point of the Summer Palace. The panoramic view from the Hill is well worth the climb. You can see the 17-Arch Bridge, the Jade Belt Bridge, and a lovely stone pagoda on a distant hill. The glazed golden tiles of the palace roofs have inspired many traditional Chinese landscape paintings.
The Site of the Ruins of Yuanmingyuan
Yuanmingyuan is the general name of the three gardens that surround the Lake of Happiness, namely, Yuanming Garden, Wanchun Garden and Changchun Garden. The construction of the garden began in 1707 and took 150 years to complete. During the Second Opium War in 1860, British and French troops destroyed the Old Summer Palace and looted much of its treasures.
Lama Temple
This Lama Temple was built as a mansion for Emperor Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty when he was a prince. In 1744, the temple was converted into a lamasery and the home of a large number of monks from Mongolia and Tibet. The lamasery has five halls. The prayer halls contain many superb statues including the 23-meter-high Maitreya, carved from a white sandalwood tree brought from Tibet, as well as Tibetan sculptures and a great copper cauldron.
Great Wall
“He Who Has Not Climbed the Great Wall Is Not a Real Man” is a popular Chinese saying. The Wall extends for 3,000 kilometers from the seaside in Shanhaiguan in northeast China to Jiayu Pass in Gansu Province, crossing five provinces and two autonomous regions. The most imposing sections of the Great Wall today are located at Badaling, Mutianyu and Jinshanling.
Zhoukoudian - Home of Peking Man
The famous home of Peking Man is located in Longgushan, Zhoukoudian, 50 km southwest of Beijing. At the beginning of the 19th century, a cave was found while diggers were mining. Scientists and geologists began excavations in 1921 and 1922. In 1972, large-scale excavations began and large amounts of animal bones were unearthed. On December 10th, 1972, the first complete cranium was excavated. The relic site is now open to the public.
Beijing World Park
This is China’s largest theme park containing mini replicas of 106 renowned scenic spots from 30 countries, including the Pyramids, the Eiffel Tower and the White House.
Chinese Ethnic Culture Museum
China is home to 55 minority ethnic groups, each with a diverse cultural heritage, different customs and dress as well as unique arts and crafts. The Chinese Ethnic Culture Museum is located in the northwest of Beijing.
Jingshan Park
Jingshan Park, or Coal Hill is located north of the Forbidden City. It is said that Ming emperors kept emergency supplies of coal hidden in the hill.
On the summit is the Ten Thousand Springs Pavilion, which used to be the highest point in the old city. On a clear day, you can see the former imperial palace, Beihai Park and the Drum and Bell Towers.
The Miaoguan Pavilion is best known as the place where the last Ming Emperor hung himself from a locust tree when the city fell into the hands of the peasant army led by Li Zicheng.
Grand View Garden
Grand View Garden is located in the southeast of Beijing. It was created in 1986 and modeled on the garden described in the classic novel The Dream of Red Mansion, an 18th century novel written by Cao Xueqin (1715-1763).
It contains a landscaped lake surrounded by forests and rockery, and pavilions made of wood according to traditional gardening layouts of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911).
All the buildings are named after buildings in the novel such as “Bamboo Lodge,” “Warm Scented Arbor,” “Studio of Autumn Freshness” and “Lotus Fragrance Pavilion.”
China Art Gallery
China Art Gallery was established in 1962 to exhibit outstanding works of modern Chinese artists. The gallery is divided into 14 exhibition halls housing 10,000 paintings.
From 1962 to 1995, the Gallery organized over 1,000 exhibitions ranging from photography, calligraphy to stamp collections.
Beijing Art Museum of Stone Carving
Beijing Art Museum of Stone Carving is the first museum in China specializing in the collection and exhibition of stone carvings. The museum is located in Zhenjue Temple (Five Pagodas Temple), built some 600 years ago.
The Diamond Seat pagoda in the temple was built in the 1470s. It is built with stone and bricks and decorated with carved slabs of blue and white granites.
The Museum has a collection of more than 1,200 artifacts, with 600 items on display. There is also an exhibition titled “Man and Stone Carvings Throughout Chinese History,” displaying 69 rare stone carvings dated from the Han Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty.
Beijing Aviation Museum
Beijing Aviation Museum was founded in 1986. The Museum has two exhibition halls and a 7,200-square-meter airfield. Dozens of aircrafts from countries around the globe are on display, including the P-61 “Black Widow,” P-47 “Thunderbolt,” “Harrier” and “Beijing No.1.” Exhibits include engines, instruments and weapons. There are also numerous models, pictures, movies and TV presentations.
Capital Museum
The Capital Museum, located in the Confucius Temple in Guozijian Street, Dongcheng District, is a state-run Museum which houses nearly 200,000 valuable historical relics unearthed in Beijing, including stoneware, bronzes, ceramics, steles, calligraphy works, paintings, jade ware and ancient coins.
The museum has hosted hundreds of exhibitions in China and many foreign countries such as Japan, the United States, Malaysia and Singapore.
1.on the double 迅速地,立刻地 2.double cross; double-crossing背叛/欺骗朋友;背信弃义的 3.double date; double-date包括两对情人的约会n./v. 4.double trouble 非常麻烦或危险的人或事 5.gold销售量在百万张以上的唱片单曲或五十万张的合集。 6.goldbrick; gold-bricker逃避责任,工作不认真(的人) 7.gold-digger主要为了获取物质利益才约会或结婚的女人 8.golden oldie过去的流行歌曲(尤指现在仍受欢迎) 9.gold mine财富的来源或有价值的东西的来源 10.gold star赞同的标志或成功的认可(含讽刺意味) 11.我也是。ditto 12.我今天不太对劲。I am not myself today 13.不要绝望。Don‘t go to pieces 14.她让他头大。She is a thorn in his side/a pain in the neck 15.对不起,我忘了。sorry, it slipped my mind 16.好险! That was close 17.那当然。You bet 18.我听不懂你在说什么 You are talking over my head 19.不要骂我! Don’t call me names 20.饶了我吧! Give me a break |
1 Great minds think alike. (英雄所见略同,这句做第一句最合适不过了, |
付款条件 现金帐户 Cash account 预付现金 Cash advance 凭提货单支付现金 Cash against Bill of Lading (B/L) 凭单据付现款||凭装货单付现款 Cash against documents 现金资产 Cash assets 现金结存||现金差额 Cash balance 现收现付制||现金收付制 Cash basis 付现款后交货||交货前付现款 Cash before delivery 装运前付现款 Cash before shipment 现金交易 Cash dealing 现款押金||现金存款 Cash deposit 现金折扣||现金贴现 Cash discount 付现款||现金支付 Cash payment 现金结算 Cash settlement 货到付现款 Cash on delivery (C.O.D.)(Eng.) 货到收现款 Collect on delivery (C.O.D.)(Am.) 承兑后若干天付款 days after acceptance (D/A) 开票日后若干日 days after date (D/D) 见票后若干日 days after sight (D/S) 定期汇票 date draft 承兑交单 documents against acceptance (D/A)||documentary Bill for Acceptance (D/A) 付款交单 documents against payment (D/P) 折扣 discount (DC) 付现款时2%折扣 less 2% due net cash 现款5%折扣 5% for cash 一个月内付款2%折扣 2% one month 三个月内付款需现金 3 months net 立即付现款 prompt cash 付现款 net cash||ready cash||cash 汇票(美) draft 汇票(英) bill of exchange 见票即付||即期汇票 draft at sight||sight draft 托收汇票 draft for collection||bill for collection 来取即付汇票 draft on demand||bill on demand 见票后 .. 天付款 draft at .. days' date 跟单汇票 draft with documents atta ched||documentary draft 无追索权汇票 draft without recourse 银行汇票 bank draft 银行汇票||银行票据 banker's draft 商业汇票 merchant's draft 电汇 cable draft 折扣汇票 discount draft 被拒付汇票 dishonoured draft
|
象形词义串联记忆法将象形单词的意义串联成一句汉语或者汉语顺口溜——摘录自《不择手段学英语单词记忆宝典》(作者 卓华宜) 同-eed:喂(feed)养(breed)行为(deed)确实(indeed)需要(need)芦苇(reed)种子(seed)加杂草(weed)。 同-lame:跛子(lame)怪(blame)火(flame)。 同-edge:楔形(wedge)篱笆(hedge)保证(pledge)都有边(edge)。 同b-tter:黄油(butter)苦(bitter)一点(bit)更好(better)。 同-eam:队(team)里的横梁(beam)有裂缝(seam)。 同-heat:骗子(cheat)的小麦(wheat)加热(heat)能吃(eat)。 同do-e:鸽子(dove)服药(dose)打瞌睡(doze)。 同-ridge:桥梁桥梁桥(bridge)有梁(ridge),梁如加氟(f~谐音)是冰箱(fridge),梁如破(por-谐音)了喝稀汤(稀汤即粥porridge)。 同-ttle:瓶子(bottle)易碎(brittle)因战斗(battle),小壶(kettle)虽小(little)安顿(settle)牲口(cattle)。 同-est串记:最好(best)害虫(pest)筑巢(nest)西(west),惟恐(lest)测试(test)马甲(vest)余(rest)。 同-mulate串记:冒充(simulate)是模拟(simulate),加t成刺激(stimulate)。规划(formulate)是形式(form),添加(ac-)成累积(accumulate)。 同s-eam:小河(stream)蒸汽(steam)缝(seam)里飘,有屎(s谐音)奶油(cream)要尖叫(scream)。 同f-m:农场(farm)坚硬(firm)公司(firm),来自(from)泡沫(foam)形式(form)。 同-ock:公鸡(cock)穿着短袜(sock)走,嘲笑(mock)岩石(rock)锁(lock)码头(dock)。 同-culate:线路圆的(circula-→circular)才循环(circulate),只有可(cal~谐音)靠才计算(calculate)。善于表达(articulate)有艺术(art),投机(speculate) 特别(spec-→special)靠推断(speculate)。 ……共七百多句,涉及单词2000多个。 象形词义串联记忆背诵句 一、3字母类 同~ad串记:坏(bad)男孩(lad),疯(mad)爹的(dad),坐在垫子(pad)上悲哀的(sad)。 同~ag串记:落后(lag)袋子(bag)用破布(rag)做标签(tag)。 同a~m串记:瞄准(aim)用武器(arm)。 同~am串记:假冒(sham)火腿(ham)果酱(jam)夹(ja~谐音),堵塞(jam)大水坝(dam)。 同~an串记:罐头(can)看,黑(tan)象碳。盘子(pan)盘,男人(man)蛮,禁令(ban)颁。带蓬货车(van)布是帆,扇子(fan)煽动是要反——押韵的尾字均为相应单词谐音。 同~ap串记:打盹(nap) 帽子(cap)轻轻叩(tap),地图(map)大腿(lap)生裂口(gap)。 同~ar串记:焦油(tar)罐子(jar)耳朵(ear)卤(橹oar),汽车(car)战争(war)拦(bar)远处(far)。 同a~t串记:蚂蚁(ant)适合(apt)艺术(art)行为(act)。 同~at串记:席子(mat)拍子(pat)帽子(hat)堵,猫(cat)吃(eat)肥(fat)鼠(rat)变蝙蝠(bat)。 同~aw串记:按法律(law)生(raw)爪子(paw)应该在颌部(jaw)锯开(saw)。 同~ax串记:斧子(ax)打腊(wax)收传真(fax)税(tax)。 同~ay串记:日期(day)对,快乐(gay)给。射线(ray)锐,干草(hay)黑。放(lay)要垒,付(pay)要赔。海湾(bay)在北,问路(way)喊喂。说话(say)是谁?可以(may)才美——末尾字均为相应单词谐音。 同b~d串记:投标(bid)一张发芽(bud)的坏(bad)床(bed)。 同b-g串记:乞求(beg)一大(big)袋(bag)臭虫(bug)。 同bu~串记:但是(but)在公汽(bus)上买(buy)了生臭虫(bug)的花芽(bud)。 同~ea串记:海里(sea)豌豆(pea)象茶叶(tea)。 同~ee串记:看(see)蜜蜂(bee)收费(fee)。 同~eg串记:求(beg)要拜(be~谐音),腿(leg)能来(le~谐音),鸡蛋(egg)举例(e.g.)挨个(e.g.谐音)摆。 同~en串记:十(ten)只钢笔(pen),换只母鸡(hen)。 同~et串记:让(let)坐喷气(jet)还(yet)设(set)赌(bet),空气潮湿(wet)网(net)爱畜(pet)。 同~ew串记:缝(sew)新(new)衣,露水(dew)滴(de~谐音),咀嚼思量(chew)真生气(ch~谐音),很少(few)乘务(crew)怪全体(crew指全体乘务员)。 同fa~串记:扇子(fan)肥(fat),传真(fax)远(far)。 同gu~串记:胶姆糖胶姆糖(gum),中间一变是健身房(gym)。如果尾巴来变化,不操家伙(guy)就操枪(gun)。 i.e. e.g. etc.三个常用缩略词意义易混,串记:爱衣(谐音)是即(i.e.),象蛋(egg)是例(e.g.),等等(etc.)略作e t c。 同~ie串记:往下躺(lie),要说谎(lie),带结(tie)馅饼(pie)即(i.e.)死亡(die)。 同~id串记:命令(bid)除去(rid)盖(lid),帮助(aid)一小孩(kid)。 同~ig串记:猪(pig)皮(pi~谐音)挖(dig)地(di~谐音)把大(big)比(bi~谐音)。 同-im串记:边缘(rim)太暗(dim),瞄准(aim)他(him)难。 同~in串记:罐头(tin)论“听”,钉子(pin)“拼”,有罪(sin)之人反而赢(win)——引号内字为相应谐音。 同~ip串记:唇(lip)里(~li~谐音)口水醮(dip)多滴(di~谐音),轻轻叩击(tip)指间提(ti~谐音)。 同~it串记:一点(bit)坑(pit),靠打击(hit),坐(sit)着适合(fit)靠智力(wit)。 同jo~串记:工作(job)漫步(jog)真喜悦(joy)。 同la~串记:实验室(lab),有法规(law),落后(lag)男孩(lad)放(lay)大腿(lap)。 同ma~串记:男人(man)是疯子(mad),地图(map)可以(may)当席子(mat)。 同~ob串记:哭泣(sob)工作(job)遭抢劫(rob)。 同~od串记:上帝(god)点头(nod)拿杆棒(rod)。 同~ot串记:圆点(dot)就象破(po~谐音)坛罐(pot),天气多(lot)热(hot)不(not)腐烂(rot)。 同ow~串记:猫头鹰(owl)欠(owe)自己的(own)。 同~ow串记:现在(now)奶牛(cow)弯腰(bow)多么(how)低(low),排行(row)播种(sow)牵引(tow)多吃力——其中,播种(sow)谐音“收”(有种就有收),牵引(tow)谐音“拖”(牵引就是去拖)。 同~ox串记:狐狸(fox)盒子(box)装牛(ox)。 同~oy串记:高兴(joy)使高兴(enjoy),男孩(boy)玩具(toy)新。 同pi~串记:猪(pig)派(pie)坑(pit)中钉(pin)。 同r~b串记:抢劫(rob)时肋骨(rib)受摩擦(rub)。 red相关单词串记:红(red)床(bed)芦苇(reed)放,摆脱(rid)杆(rod)和棒。 同~ry串记:试一试(try)干(dry)哭(cry)。 同s~y串记:间谍(spy)狡猾(sly)天(sky)说(say)羞(shy)。 同su~串记:太阳(sun)出,数(谐音“诉”sue)总数(sum)。 同ta~串记:焦油(tar)轻轻叩(tap),黝黑(tan)交税收(tax)。 同~ub串记:球棒(club)擦(rub)澡盆(tub)。 同~ue串记:由于(due)提示(cue)遭起诉(sue)。 同~ug串记:地毯(rug)用药(drug),臭虫(bug)拥抱(hug),猛拉(tug)插头(plug)掉。 同~un串记:对着太阳(sun)跑(run),拿枪(gun)开玩笑(fun)。 同~up串记:暗示(cue)可以切割(cut)杯子(cup)——特异功能。 同~ut串记:但是(but)要放在(put)小屋(hut)外面(out)砍(cut)坚果(nut)。 同~uy串记:买(buy)家伙(guy)。 同we~串记:结婚(wed*)像一张潮湿的(wet)网(web)。 二、4字母类 同ac~e串记:每英亩(acre)田地都是受了疼痛(ache)得来的。 同~ace串记:脸面(face)肥死,鞋带(lace)勒死,步子(pace)配死,比赛种族(race)是瑞士——末尾两字为相应谐音。 同~ack串记:麻袋(sack)缺乏(lack)挂物架(rack),背后的(back)包裹(pack)要捆扎(pack)。 同~age串记:定鸟笼(cage)规格(gage)标准(gage),看每页(page)工资(wage)愤怒(rage)。 同~ail串记:铁轨(rail)尾巴(tail)不能拽,指甲(nail)提桶(pail)只会败(fail)。监狱(jail)欢呼(hail)下雹(hail)来,邮寄(mail)邮件(mail)用航海(sail)。 同-ake串记:湖(lake)上耙子(rake)蛋糕(cake)烤(bake),醒来(wake)带走(take)缘故(sake)造(make)。 同~aid串记:疯狂(mad)少女(maid)少件衣(~i~谐音),虽有帮助(aid)遭袭击(raid)。 同~ain串记:下雨(rain)因疼(pain)糟,所获(gain)主要(main)成徒劳(vain)。 同~air串记:头发(hair)黑(h拼音首),金发(fair)飞(f拼音首),派(pair谐音)是成双又成对——流行语“派对”的“派”由pair音译而来。 同~ale串记:雄性(male)苍白(pale)有故事(tale),出售(sale)刻度(scale)会变质(stale)。 同~all串记:礼堂(hall)墙(wall)高(tall)球(ball)落(fall)叫(call)。 同~alm串记:棕榈(palm)王国(realm)行,风平浪又静(calm)。 同~ame串记:温顺(tame)跛子(lame)挣名誉(fame),同样(same)名字(name)玩游戏(game)。 同~and串记:带子(band)绑,手(hand)出汗,沙滩(sand)有伞,登陆(land)难——尾字为各单词除字母d外的谐音。 同~ang串记:猛击(bang)砰砰响(bang),吊死(hang)狗匪帮(gang)。 同~ant串记:喘气(pant)要(want)吃蚂蚁(ant)。 同~ard串记:院子(yard)论码(yard)要保护(ward),卡片(card)硬难(hard)把力努(hard)。 同~are串记:赤裸(bare)野兔(hare)要照顾(care),车费船费(fare)敢(dare)稀疏(rare)? 同~ark串记:黑暗(dark)到(d拼音首),狗不(b拼音首)叫(bark),云雀(lark)公园(park)没(m拼音首)记号(mark)。 同~arn串记:警告(warn)学习(learn)用谷仓(barn)赚钱(earn)。 同~ase串记:花瓶(vase)基底(base)情况(case)容易(ease)了解。 同~ast串记:快速(fast)向东(east)扔和投(cast),过去(past)巨大(vast)落最后(last)。 同~ate串记:同事配偶(mate)命运(fate)比(rate),约会(date)大门(gate)恨(hate)晚(late)去。 同~ath串记:洗澡(bath)数学(math)读,誓言(oath)走小路(path)。 同-ault串记:袭击(assault)有错(fault)要罚(fa~谐音)。 同~ave串记:铺路(pave)有(have)洞(cave)用浪(wave)救(save)。 同~awn串记:黎明(dawn)诞(dawn谐音),草坪(lawn)烂(lawn谐音),打个哈欠(yawn)表示厌(yawn谐音)。 同bee~串记:牛肉(beef)啤(beer),含蜂(bee)蜜。 Bible table able串记:书桌(table)能够(able)放两(bi-)本圣经(Bible)。 同b~ll串记:钟铃(bell)圆象球(ball),帐单(bill)买公牛(bull)。 bolt belt melt串记:皮带(belt)栓子(bolt)化(melt)了卖(me~谐音)。 同bul~串记:公牛(bull)体积大(bulk),眼睛象灯泡(bulb)。 同bu~y串记:串记:别要太繁忙(busy),小心被埋葬(bury)。 同ca~e串记:咖啡馆(cafe)鸟笼(cage)有洞(cave)小心(care)蛋糕(cake)情况(case)。 同cas~串记:扔掉(cast)装现金(cash)的盒子(case)。 同c~ip串记:剪成(clip)碎片(chip)。 同cl~p串记:大腿(lap)可(c~谐音)拍打(clap),嘴唇(lip)可(c~谐音)剪夹(clip)。 同c~u~e串记:治疗(cure)线索(clue)里面有暗示(cue)。 同d~ck串记:码头(dock)甲板(deck)上有只鸭(duck)。 同dee~串记:认为(deem)鹿(deer)的行为功绩(deed)很深(deep)。 同d~ll串记:玩偶(doll)一定愚钝(dull)。 dust dusk desk串记:放学是黄昏(dusk),书桌(desk)落灰尘(dust)。 同do~e串记:鸽子(dove)服药(dose)打瞌睡(doze)。 drag drug drum串记:拖(drag)腰(药drug)鼓(drum)——安塞腰鼓闻名中外。 同~ead串记:死(dead)读书(read)会导致头(head)象铅(lead)一样重。 同~eam串记:队(team)里的横梁(beam)有裂缝(seam)。 同~ear串记:A.听说(hear)亲爱的(dear)怕(fear)生育(bear),穿衣(wear)掉泪(tear)吃洋梨(pear)。B.生育(bear)痛苦必须忍(bear),撕裂(tear)掉泪(tear)是因疼。齿轮(gear)穿衣(wear)遭磨损(wear),年年(year)附近(near)熊(bear)咬人。C. No bear,no rear. 没生就没养:先有生,后有养——rear“养”又有“后部的”意。 同~eat串记:座位(seat)敲打(beat)变整洁(neat),肉食(meat)加热(heat)细菌绝。 edit emit exit elite 串记:出口(exit)精心校订(edit),才能发射(emit)出精英(elite)。 同~eem串记:似乎(seem)认为(deem)该相信(deem)。 同~ell串记:铃声(bell)叫喊(yell)告诉(tell)好(well),砍倒(fell)地狱(hell)卖(sell)细胞(cell)。 同~end串记:弯曲(bend)倾向(tend)要照顾(tend),借出(lend)送走(send)去修补(mend)。 同~ense串记:稠密(dense)“等死”,紧张(tense)“疼死”,感官感觉(sense)真“神死”——引号内为相应单词谐音。 同~ent串记:弯曲(bent)的帐篷(tent)租金(rent)一分(cent)钱。 同~est串记:最好(best)害虫(pest)筑巢(nest)西(west),惟恐(lest)测试(test)马甲(vest)余(rest)。改目的(goal)进监狱(gaol)。 exist exit串记:没有出路(exit)那能生存(exist生活、存在)。 同f~d串记:喜爱(fond)被发现(find),要有基金(fund)建(found)。 同fil~串记:文档(file)充(fill)胶片(film)。 同fi~m串记:坚硬的(firm)胶片(film)。 同fla~串记:垂下物(flap)是平坦(flat)并有裂缝(flaw)的旗子(flag)。 同f~ll串记:一充(fill)就满(full),一落(fall)就砍(fell)。 同f~m串记:农场(farm)坚硬(firm)公司(firm),来自(from)泡沫(foam)形式(form)。 fold folk fork串记:民间的人们(folk)折(fold)刀叉(fork)。 同f~st串记:快速(fast)出拳(fist)争第一(first)。 同f~x串记:传真(fax)固定(fix)狐狸(fox)。 同go~d串记:黄金(gold)好(good),上帝(god)到。 golf gulf wolf串记:海湾(gulf)高尔夫(golf)场地有匹狼(wolf)。 hand hind hint串记:手(hand)放在后部(hind)做暗示(hint)。 同hal~串记:礼堂(hall)半(half)边要止步(halt)。 同ha~e串记:野兔(hare)有(have)恨(hate)。 同~hat串记:戴帽子(hat)的什么(what)人在那(that)聊天(chat)。 同hea~串记:听说(hear)治愈(heal)了一大堆(heap)头(head)热(heat)病。 同hell~串记:哈罗(hello)没开口(o),阴间地狱(hell)走。 同her~串记:她(her)这里(here)的兽群(herd)是英雄(hero)。 同~hip串记:船和舰(ship),备皮鞭(whip)。 同h~ll串记:礼堂(hall)小山(hill)象地狱(hell)。 同hu~t串记:打猎(hunt)伤害(hurt)小屋(hut)。 同~ice串记:稻米(rice)美好(nice)老鼠(mice)恶(vice),离了冰快(ice)不能活。 同~ide串记:潮汐(tide)边缘(side)广(wide),骑马(ride)皮革(hide)藏(hide)。 同~ild串记:温和的(mild)、野蛮的(wild),都是前生修(build)来的。 同~ile串记:文档(file)发,堆头(pile)怕,瓷砖瓦片(tile)快要塌,英里(mile)太远遭人骂——fi~ pi~ ti~ mi~分别谐音为“发”、“怕”、“塌”、“骂”。 同~ilk串记:丝绸(silk)白,象牛奶(milk)。 同~ill串记:作坊(mill)象小山(hill),帐单(bill)来充满(fill),直到(till)问遗愿(will),杀死(kill)用药丸(pill)。技能(skill)能让静静地(still)溅(spill),激动(thrill)能往寒冷(chill)里钻(drill)。 同~ind串记:头脑(mind)后部(hind)很善良(kind),发现(find)有风(wind)就捆绑(bind)。 同~ine串记:我的(mine)矿井(mine)线(line)九(nine)条,吃饭(dine)好(fine)闪耀(shine),松树(pine)皮(p谐音)煨(wi~谐音)酒葡萄(wine)。 同~ite串记:引用(cite)风筝(kite)叮咬(bite)的位置(site)。 同~ing串记:国王(king)长翅膀(wing),铃响(ring)把歌唱(sing)。 同~ipe串记:时机成熟(ripe)擦(wipe)管子(pipe)。 同~ire串记:防火(fire)太疲倦(tire),不要租(hire)电线(wire)。 同~ish串记:但愿(wish)盘子(dish)里有条鱼(fish)。 同~ity串记:因为少绿地,城市(city)令怜惜(pity)。 同~ive串记:五(five)人潜水(dive)死,给(give)你一命活(live)。 同~ix串记:六个(six)固定(fix)易混合(mix)。 同ju~y串记:七月(July)七,陪审团(jury)曲(l→r)。 同lam~串记:跛(lame)羔羊(lamb)点灯(lamp)乱跑(lamp谐音)。 同~law~串记:按(n谐音)法令(law),修草坪(lawn),谁的爪子(claw)缝(flaw)拂(f拼音首)平。 同l~af 串记:一块面包(loaf)碎,象快叶子(leaf)飞。 同lim~串记:肢翼(limb)石灰(lime)灌,柔软(limp)走蹒跚(limp)。 同~lip串记:嘴唇(lip)可(c~谐音)以夹(clip),否则就会滑(slip)。 同l~mb串记:小羊小羊(lamb)长翅膀(翼)(limb)。 同l~ne串记:小巷(lane)偏僻,略显孤独(lone*)。 同loa~串记:面包(loaf)只一块,贷款(loan)来负载(load)。 同l~ng串记:开口长(long),是肺脏(lung)——o开口成u。 同~low串记:犁地(plow)吹(blow)牛(流flow)脸会慢慢(slow)发红发热(glow)。 同l~st串记:免得(lest)最后(last)列表(list)。 同~lue串记:蓝色(blue)胶水(glue)和,有价(value)有线索(clue)。g一转(g→b),胶水(glue)变蓝(blue)。 mark mask task串记:工作(task)面罩(mask) 做记号(mark)。 同mea~串记:食用肉(meat)表示(mean)一餐膳食(meal)。 同m~re串记:纯粹(mere)只不过(mere),差点是更多(more)。 同m~ss串记:大量(mass)苔藓(moss)混乱(mess)弄,小姐(Miss)错过(miss)未击中(miss)。 同~now串记:现在(now)才知道(know)下雪(snow)。 同oa~串记:誓言(oath)橡树(oak)做浆橹(oar)。 同~oad串记:担子(load)负(load),要走路(road)。 同~oal串记:煤(coal)是能量进炉“口”(coal谐音),球门(goal)是目标(goal)引疯“狗”(goal谐音)。 同~oan串记:呻吟(moan)“蒙”,贷款(loan)“弄”,再次呻吟(groan)就“给融(资)”——末尾引号内为相应单词谐音。 同~ock串记:公鸡(cock)穿着短袜(sock)走,嘲笑(mock)岩石(rock)锁(lock)码头(dock)。 同~ode串记:买鞋要既挑样式(mode)又挑码(code)。 同~oil串记:用油(oil)煮沸(boil)的土壤(soil)损坏(spoil)成卷(coil)。 同~old串记:握(hold)黄金(gold)冰冷(cold),叠(fold)模子(mold)冒失(bold)。 同~omb串记:炸弹(bomb)如梳(comb)通(tomb谐音)坟墓(tomb)。 同~ome串记:一些(some)人来到(come)我圆屋顶(dome)的家(home)。 同~ond串记:“契约”、“债桊”、“联结”绑(bond谐音),喜爱(fond)太多掉池塘(pond)——有风险,小心淹死。 同~one串记:音调(tone)区域(zone)无(none)任何骨(bone),电话(phone)象石头(stone)处单独(alone)。 同~oon串记:正午(noon)月亮(moon)奇,调羹(spoon)马上(soon)劈(p谐音)。 同~oor串记:贫穷(poor)之门(door)无地板(floor)。 同~oot串记:赤脚(foot)穿靴(boot)象生根(root),射击(shoot)稳又准。 同~ork串记:工作是工厂(work),叉(fork)起猪肉(pork)来分享。 同~ose串记:关闭(close)水龙带(hose),玫瑰(rose)鼻下(nose)摆(pose),药品一剂(dose)丢(lose)和甩。 同~oss串记:老板(boss)丢(loss)苔藓(moss),向上扔是颠(toss)。没有loss成不了boss——不吃苦(失去)成不了老板。 同~ost串记:大多数(most)主人(host)好,邮寄(post)费用(cost)丢失(lost)少。 同~oup串记:汤(soup)要煮(组group)。 同~our串记:我们的(our)酸味(sour)灌注(pour)你们的(your)旅行(tour)四(four)小时(hour)。 同ove串记:鸽子(dove)爱(love)运动(move)。 同~owl串记:碗(bowl)里有只猫头鹰(owl)。 同pr~y串记:捕获物(prey)要祈祷(pray),求求上帝把命保。 同p~st串记:过去(past)害虫(pest)要邮寄(post)。 同~rab串记:抓(grab)螃蟹(crab)。 同~rim串记:边缘(rim)不(b拼音首)边缘(brim),加t变齐整(trim)。 同r~in串记:下雨(rain)毁坏(ruin)使破产(ruin)。 同~rip串记:剥条(strip)去旅行(trip),水滴(drip)要抓紧(grip)。 同~row串记:乌鸦(crow)扔(throw),成排(row)眉毛(brow)生(grow)。 同s~an串记:细看(scan)天鹅(swan)的跨度(span)。细记:细看(scan)是死看(谐音),天鹅(swan)快死完(谐音),跨度跨距(span)是(s~谐音)只盘(pan)。 同s~ay串记:停下来(stay)摇(sway),不要聊(say)(聊天是“说”)。 同see~串记:看见(see)他好象(seem)在寻找(seek)种子(seed)。 shoe shop ship串记:商店(shop)象船(ship)卖鞋(shoe)。 同sli~(除slum,sum)串记:苗条(slim)象出贫民窟(slum),贫民窟里有总数(sum)。滑倒(slip)切开(slit)是疏忽(slip)。 同sou~串记:灵魂(soul)之汤(soup)酸了(sour)。 按顺序每次变一字母:汤(soup)肥皂(soap)浸湿(soak)短袜(sock)。 同s~ow串记:下雪(snow)慢慢(slow)显示(show)要播种(sow)。 同th~n串记:那时(then)比(than),薄(thin)在里(in)。 同t~me串记:时间(time)难以驯服(tame)。 同tr~p串记:旅行(trip)象陷阱(trap)。 tub tube cube串记:澡盆(tub)管子(tube)是立体(cube)。 同~uck串记:卡车(truck)鸭(duck),好运气(luck),觜吸(suck)舌卷(tuck)塞进去(tuck)。 同~ush串记:不(b~谐音)冲(rush)就刷(brush),可(c~谐音)冲会压(crush压碎)。一推(push)去冲(rush)灌木(bush)夹。 同~une串记:调子(tune)在六月(June),调节(tune)变和谐(tune)。 同~us串记:只有(just)灰尘(dust),必定(must)生锈(rust)。 同win~串记:风(wind)中酒(wine)香长翅膀(wing)。 同wis~串记:聪明的(wise)愿望(wish)。 |
质量 上等货 Al article||OK article 一级品 first grade article||fine article||good article||superior article 超级品 article of first quality||article of extrra OK grade||extra fine article 中级品 middling||medium goods||common goods||good fair average(G.F.A.)||fair average quality(F.A.Q.) 低档货 inferior article||article of inferior quality||low grade goods||bad goods |
(边写边听:以前陌生或熟悉的朋友们的录音,今天删了好多,留下的应该都是可以感动我的声音了)
我有多久没来这里看看写写了,将近一个月,因为刚刚花了半小时看完整个5月份收到的信息和各位的博客,说实话我已经几乎不加谁为好友了,因为在网上更喜欢旁观和路过。整整忙了一个月,今天一天都在和我的电脑较真,最后我因为电脑无法进入系统被踢出了网络,不过看着不再有反应的电脑我并没有多慌张,我想自己呆一会也不错。洗个澡,洗头发,刷牙,洗脸,再来张面膜,吃那颗放在包里已有半个月的糖。看看镜子里的自己,头发长了一点,以后好好对自己吧,要清爽,要睡好,要吃饱(我用头晕饥饿筋疲力尽的感觉,惩罚曾不珍惜幸福的生活),要快乐,要坚强,要勇敢。
然后在朋友的帮助下第一次自己装了系统,很快我又回来了~!连着两次自己修好了电脑,感觉我真的变了。只是可惜我的那么多文档都没有了,那么多翻译的资料啊,那么多喜欢的网站和喜欢的博客,都没有了,没有了。这样的感觉似曾相识,失去你很在乎的东西的感觉,现在再经历,我却平静的要命。因为我知道我难过它们也不会回来,不如当它们不曾存在过。丢得起,输得起,拼得起,一年内我不会被任何事打倒。治疗情绪低沉的最好方法就是投入的忙起来,没时间颓废,渐渐就不再颓废了。几个月,我真的换了头脑,换了血液,换了人生的方向。哪怕最后考试没过,我至少给自己治好了病,也算今年没有白活。
本来想今晚给自己放个假,早早休息的。可惜无意中看到了坟地的blog,聊了几句,都是颓废的却在学习英语的人,都是78年的,他的博是黑色,我的是灰色。他听摇滚发泄,我听感动我的歌。他的头像鬼魅,我的很灰。不同的表达,同样的情绪。祝后天生日快乐~!祝早日振作起来~!祝我的兄弟姐妹们都有个顺利的2006~!
听完,看完,写完,我又少了2个小时的睡眠,不过可以过来发泄一下情绪很舒服。天天失眠想事情,许是没来这里写东西的恶果。还是找不到目标,考试真的只是打发时间的借口,真不知道自己想走哪条路,想过什么样的生活。失业不紧张,考试失败不在乎,对什么都无所谓,没感觉的。难道颓废过后,就是麻木。我都没有努力赚钱的欲望了,我都深居简出,素衣素食了,活那么累干吗呢?我若对什么事很努力,必是因为它可以让我有成就感。越活越没有欲望了,小时候学校的那些零食可以让我冒险偷老爸的钱或拿饭票去换,现在我若还那么不择手段那么贪婪,必要犯很大的的错。越早犯错,越早醒悟,代价越小。
0:44,晚安。
英语中有很多惯用表达,它们可以用汉语思想编码去交换,在一定的语境中也好像说得通,但在这样的理解基础上去翻译它们,却不能准确传达原文的含义,因此误译也就在所难免。这些容易导致我们“想当然”的英语惯用语,可大致归为以下几类。
一.有些英语惯用语表达的真正含义是其喻义或引申义,如果只将其字面意义直译出来,就可能产生误译。
1. In a flash the evil intent of the vice-president to usurp power hit the president between the eyes.
误译:一刹那间,副总统篡权的罪恶意图给总统当头一棒。
应译为:一刹那间,总统明白了副总统篡权的罪恶意图。
这里“to hit someone between the eyes”,为“to strike someone (metaphorically speaking)”,喻义为“使人忽然了解,使人猛然明白”。而汉语中“给某人当头一棒”,却无此意。
2. The changes in the education system are a step in the right direction and will improve the teaching in our school.
误译:教育体制改革朝着正确的方向迈进了一步,它将改进我们学校的教学。
应译为:教育体制改革是一个有效的措施,它将改进我们学校的教学。
这里“a step in the right direction”用来比喻“an action which helps to improve a situation”,即“有效步骤或措施”。如果是将其直译,就没有反映出“有效”这个表达结果的含义。
3.This is a dangerous and violent city. In some parts of it, the only law is the law of the jungle.
误译:这是一个危险的充满暴力的城市。在有些地方,惟一的原则就是森林法则。
应译为:这是一个危险的充满暴力的城市。在有些地方,惟一的原则就是弱肉强食。
这里“the law of the jungle”引申为“principles for surviving in a violent and dangerous situation, no rules at all”,如译为“森林法则”,则含义不明。“弱肉强食”才是准确、明了地传达了原文所要表达的意义。
4. When my ship comes in, take a trip to Casablanca.
误译:当我的船进港时,我就要到卡萨布兰卡去。
应译为:当我发了财时,我就要到卡萨布兰卡去。
这里“when someone’s ship comes in”是个引喻,指满载贵重货物的船到达港口,货主从而可获高额利润(往往表示期望)。因此,应译为“当某人变成富翁时或事业发达时”,汉语的“发财”恰好反映了这个含义。
5. They slip out one by one and I was left holding the baby.
误译:他们一个个都跑掉了,剩下我来抱孩子。
应译为:他们一个个都跑掉了,剩下我来干这倒霉的差事。
这里“be left holding the baby”含义为“to find oneself responsible for doing something which someone else has started and left unfinished”,与汉语中“接下烂摊子”意思一致,“剩下我来干这倒霉的差事”表达了这层含义。
二.有些英语惯用语在字面上同汉语表达相似,却貌合神离。如果不求甚解,就会出错。
6. Mr. Nixon said, “We two countries have common interests over and above our differences.”
误译:尼克松先生说:“我们两国具有远远高于我们分歧的共同利益。”
应译为:尼克松先生说:“我们两国除了有分歧,也有共同的利益。”
这里“over and above”没有“在……之上”的含义,其用法相当于“besides”。
7. You don’t seem to come anywhere near to knowing the importance of working on the program, you’d better take your fingers out.
误译:你看来一点也不了解这项计划的重要性,你干脆别再插手了。
应译为:你看来一点也不了解这项计划的重要性,你最好现在就动手。
“take one’s fingers out”似乎与汉语的“别再插手了”意思一样,其实它是叫人把手从口袋里拿出来,开始干活,因此,它所要表达的意义是“开始干”而不是“停止并退出”。
8.To my joy, my son knows a thing or two about Italian.
误译:使我高兴的是,我儿子对意大利语也略知一二。
应译为:使我高兴的是,我儿子对意大利语还很精通哩。
“know a thing or two”其实是指“to have practical and useful information gained from experience”,不是“略知一二”,而是“非常熟悉,了如指掌”。
9.His speech was given a warm reception by the crowd.
误译:他的讲话受到群众的热烈欢迎。
应译为:他的讲话受到群众的强烈反对。
“be given a warm reception”是句反语,含义为“be attacked violently in words”。如将其直译,这句话的意思就弄反了。另一个习语“give somebody a warm time”,用法与此相同,意为“make somebody embarrassed”。
10. When do you hope to start a family?
误译:你希望什么时候成家呢?
应译为:你希望什么时候生第一个孩子?
“start a family”不是“成家”,而是“give birth to the first child”。
三.许多英语惯用表达中包含着固定搭配,如不认清这些特殊句型所表达的意义,极易出现误译。
11. It is a good athlete that never loses points.
误译:从不丢分的运动员才是优秀的运动员。
应译为:再好的运动员也会丢分。
这里,“It is a +adj. + n. That + 否定句”是个习语中常出现的句型,应理解为“even if... + adj.,
肯定句”,即“再……的,也会……”。而与此结构相似的强调句型中,一般没有形容词。
12.You are not going to marry her, and that’s final.
误译:你不准备同她结婚,那就算了。
应译为:你不许同她结婚,就这样定了。
“You are not going to +v.”意为“禁止你……,不许你……”。
13.The visit can’t have left us a deeper impression.
误译:这次访问根本不会给我留下较为深刻的印象。
应译为:这次访问给我们留下的印象最深刻不过了。
“can’t + 形容词或副词比较级”,其实表达的是最高级的意义。
14. I can’t see you quickly enough.
误译:我不可能很快见到你。
应译为:我巴不得尽快与你见面。
“cannot +adj./adv.+ enough”,意思是“越……越好”。而另一个与此相似的句型为,“can誸 + v. +enough”,意为“非常……十分……”,如I can’t like the English teaching enough. 译为“我非常喜欢教英语”。
15. No criticism will be too severe to be gratefully acknowledged.
误译:没有一种批评会是尖锐得使人无法领谢的。
应译为:批评尽管尖锐,我们仍会衷心感谢。
这里“no + too...to”句型不同于一般“too...to”句型,“No...too”部分译为“尽管”,“to (be)”部分译为“也会,也将”。
四. 有些英语表达在特定的语境里,尤其在口语中,有特定的含义,翻译这些表达时,应该将其包含的语气译出。
16.They had a good laugh at my expense. How do you like that!
误译:他们大大地把我取笑了一番。你觉得他们做得对吗?
应译为:他们大大地把我取笑了一番。你说气人不气人!
这里“How do you like that!”请注意后面的感叹号,极易与How do you like that? Perfect. “你觉得怎么样?棒极了。”中的问号混淆。
17. -“In the face of all this they actually stood up by and did nothing.”
-“You don’t say so!”
误译:“面对这一切,他们竟然袖手旁观,什么都不做。”
“你不要这样说!”
应译为:“面对这一切,他们竟然袖手旁观,什么都不做。”
“竟有这样的事!”
“You don’t say so!”用来表示“在所说某事之后,感到非常惊奇”,可译为“竟有这样的事!”或“我没听错吧!”
18. -“You accepted her offer, didn’t you?”
-“No fear!”
误译:“你接受了她的建议,是吗?”
“不用怕,我当然接受了。”
应译为:“你接受了她的建议,是吗?”
“不会的!”
“No fear! “表示“不会!”,“肯定没有这种可能性。”
19. I’ll be blessed if I do it!
误译:如果我干这事,我就太有福了!
应译为:要是我干这事,我就没有好下场!
这里be blessed是赌咒的话,意为“I’ll be hanged if...”。
20. No, I won’t lend you the money, you’re had it!
误译:不,我不会把钱借给你的,你已经借过钱了!
应译为:不,我不会把钱借给你的,你别指望了!
“You’ve had it!”意为“It’s no use hoping.”
1. Lobbyists Out Of Shadows Into The Spotlight: Lobbyists come out of the closet and became visible.
2. public-relations: of or concerning the relations between an organization and the general public, which must be kept friendly in various ways, or the work of keeping these relations friendly. (公共关系。职工四、政府等利用大众传播媒介宣扬其产品或政策等,以获得舆论上的好感;也指一个机构与公众之间建立良好的关系,以保持良好信誉,任何时候都不能抵触公共利益。不过常含有“宣传”之意。)
3. shady operator: a behind-the-scenes lobbyist
正文:
1. The Reagon administration’s tax-reform proposal─ 里根行政当局的税改提议:即后来通过的Economic Recovery Tax Act(经济复兴税法).
Reagan, Ronald ─ (1911-), 40thU.S. president (Republican) (1981-89). In 1980, Reagan gained the Republican presidential nomination and won a landslide victory over Jimmy Carter. He was easily reelected in 1984. Reagan successfully forged a bipartisan(两党)coalition in Congress, which led to enactment of his program of large-scale tax-cuts, cutbacks in many government programs, and a major defense buildup. He signed a Social Security reform bill designed to provide for the long term solvency(清偿债务等的能力) of the system. In 1986, he signed into law a major tax-reform bill. He was shot in an assassination attempt in 1981.
In 1982, the U.S. joined France and Italy in maintaining a peacekeeping force in Beirut, Lebanon, and the next year Reagan sent a task force(特遣部队) to lead the invasion of Grenada. Reagan’s opposition to international terrorism led to the U.S. bombing of Libyan military installations in 1986. He strongly supported El Salvador, the Nicaraguan contras(尼加拉瓜的反政府武装或反革命分子), and other anti-communist governments and forces throughout the world. He also held 4 summit meetings with Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev. At the 1987 meeting in Washington, D.C., a historic treaty eliminating short-and medium-range missiles from Europe was signed.
Reagan faced a crisis in 1986-87, when it was revealed that the U.S. has sold weapons to Iran in exchange for release of U.S. hostages being held in Lebanon and that subsequently some of the money was diverted to the Nicaraguan contras (congress had barred aid to the contras). The scandal led to the resignation of leading White House aids. As Reagan left office in Jan.1989, the nation was experiencing its 6th consecution year of economic prosperity. Reagan, however, was unable to control the high budget deficits that plagued him throughout his administration.
In 1994, in a handwritten, personal letter to the American people, Reagan revealed that he was suffering from Alzheimer’s disease(老年痴呆症).
2. make up: to be part of; complete
3. advocate: a person who speaks in favor of, pleads of argues publicly for sth, such as a proposal, belief, or theory; a person who pleads or speaks for another; intercessor (说情者); a defender (某个建议、信仰、事业等的拥护者,提倡者)(实际上他们与副标题lawyers and public-relations consultants以及课文中提到的trade-association representatives等一样,都是lobbyists, 不过是名义不同罢了)
4. special interests ─ a group or group having an interest in a particular part of the economy and receiving or seeking special advantages therein often to the detriment of(有损于) the general public.
特殊利益集团与利益集团(interests或 interest groups)同意义.利益集团指有个人组织成的集团, 以共同利益或要求为基础,在社会中对别的集团或社会整体提出权利或财产等要求以巩固或促进自己的地位或目标. 他们使用或采取一切手段和步骤,制造舆论,希望在立法上达到利益集团的目的.竞选活动委员会,游说集团等都代表着不同的利益集团,各行各业都有利益集团,在美国国会或白宫都围着许许多多的压力集团(pressure groups),因为他们是通过对议员,行政官员和舆论施加压力来达到其目的的.在西方,这种集团的做法被认为是正常的,并无贬义.
5. regulatory agency: 管制机构;指帮助控制国家经济活动而制定管制政策的独立机构
6. Lobbying, a practice as old…seeking favor: lobbying这个词来源于国会大厦的走廊或其他附近旅馆的大厅(lobby)。国会议员和那些要求照顾帮忙的人之间的所建立的亲密关系就开始于休息室。游说这一行,由来已久,自从有了国民政府以来就有了。
strike up: to begin; bring into being
the Capitol ─ the building in Washington, D.C., occupied by the U.S. congress. The capitol refers to the building in which a state legislature (州议会) assembles. Care should be taken not to get “Capitol” or “capitol” mixed up with capital in both meaning and spelling.
7. Companies would…on retainer: Firms determined his vote their way on legislation by giving him money.
retainer: a sum of money paid to a lawyer or professional adviser for his continuing advice or services; annual retainer (一年的定金)
8. shady reputation: dishonest or unsavory reputation
9. Lobbyists quickly...the poker table. ─ 意思是院外活动分子是一帮声名狼藉的歹徒,他们在赌场上转悠收钱,资助议员竞选连任.这里我们可以将poker table理解为企业,这帮lobbyists是企业的政治说客.
10. Congress has been reluctant ... petition their government ─ 国会一直不愿意修改保证公民有权向政府提出请愿的法律。
这里将lobbying说成是公民有权向政府提出请愿的权利。这么说原因有二:一是院外活动分子改变了传统的活动方式,他们着重制定游说策略,让客呼去游说自己或在议员选区和选民中组织基层活动,或在一旁指点迷津,揭示权柄之所在。由于他们自己往往不进行游说,而只充任基层组织者,立法策略设计人,公关专家或顾问,政府难以管制他们的活动,因为他们不触犯院外活动的法规。二是议员为了能从lobbyists那里获得竞选连任的资助,他们当然不愿意得罪lobbyists,修改有关的现行法律。
11. ex-congressman ─ 前国会议员:Congressman ─ a member of the U.S. Congress, esp. of the House of Representatives 国会议员,尤指国会众议员。课文中指的也是后者。所以,泛指美国国会议员是最好用a member of congress. 在英国,a member of Parliament(MP),指众议院下院议员,不指贵族院(上院)议员。
12. Knowing your way around town and having access to important people ─ 熟悉华盛顿官场的路子,有办法见到重要人物。值得注意的是access 这个词,它用在政治方面已成为influence的委婉词了,多数情况指门路。
13. .A buyer’s market: a market condition characterized by low prices occurring when a supply of commodities exceeds market demand(买方市场。即市场上供过于求,价格趋跌,出现了有利于买方的情况。Ant. a seller’s market); here means there are too many lobby firms, so not all of them can have their business booming.
14. jumbo outfit: the largest of all the lobby firms
15. Robert Gray, who is well connected in the Republican Party: Gray has many connections or close friends in the Republican Party.
16. For every large lobbying firm ... specialized issues.─ “for each or every” is used say that each of one kind of thing has or will have sth of another kind:
a. For each mistake, you will lose half a point.
b. For every winner in this business, remember there is a loser.
17. big hitter: a strong batter(击球员)in baseball; here refers to a large lobby firm.
18. To put a premium…clauses. 为了鼓励打赢国会的斗争,有些合同中还有事成之后有奖金的条款。
put a premium on: to make it financially advantageous for sb (to behave in certain way, to do sth); make it the highest priority.
19. With millions or even billions of dollars… the stakes run high: 摆在国会前面的法案有着数百万甚至数十亿美元的得失风险,所以(雇佣lobby firm的单位)赌注下的很大。
On the line: at risk
20. bail out the financially ailing Chrysler Corporation: to save from bankruptcy by giving or lending money
21. House Speaker Thomas “Tip” O’Neill ─ 众议院仪长托马斯.奥尼尔.Tip是它的绰号。Care should be taken not to get “speaker” mixed up with “SPEAKER” or “spokesman” in meaning.
22. “The other side… organized, too” (p157, par3): If one side advocates a cause, there will be the other side that opposes it. Both sides hire lobby firms to persuade legislators to pass or veto bulls (议案). If a bill is passed, it becomes the law which usually will benefit one side while harming the other. Here Mr. Hymel asked a lobbyist to get his would-be (未来的) clients organized because the other side opposing their cause is going to be organized. If you don’t do so, you might lose the battle in Congress.
23. Lobbyists often are hired… affect a client.(p157, par 4a): 雇用lobbyists与其说是为了影响政府官员的决定和决策,还不如说常常是为了发现可能影响客户利益的华盛顿的动向(这就是说搜集政府部门有关决策动向的情报或信息)。这样他们就成了搜集情报或信息的人员了(intelligence or information gatherers)。难怪有的lobbyist说,他不同于他的前辈,他不是靠人情,而是靠信息挣钱。美国国会通行的货币是信息,不是美元,也不是人情。
go on: to take place, happen
If you never read the newspapers, you’ll never know what’s going on in the world. (要是你从不看报,你就不可能知道世界大事。)
24. Anne Wexler, a former key aide in the Carter White House ─ Wexler 在卡特的白宫机构中担任过重要助手的职务。白宫机构是总统的办事机构,白宫即总统府。
Carter, Jimmy ─ (1924- ) 39th U.S. President (Democrat) (1977-81). A Baptist, Carter grow up on a Georgia farm and graduated the U.S. Naval Academy in 1946. As governor of Georgia (1971-75) he simplified the complex system of government of the state and instigated electoral and social reforms. He won the Democratic Presidential nomination in 1976 and defeated Republican incumbent Gerald Ford. The U.S. Senate refused to ratify Carter gave full recognition to China and effective in securing a peace treaty between Egypt and Israel. His last year as president was plagued by Iran’s seizure of more than 50 U.S. hostages, who were released on Carter’s last day in office. He was defeated for reelection in 1980 by Republican Ronald Reagan.
25. grassroots lobbying: making an attempt to influence lawmakers in favor of a bill or policy by asking voters to bring pressure on them through letters, telephone calls and personal visits
26. work on: to influence
27. “First, last and always…the hearts of congressmen.”: So said because it’s the voters in their hometowns that have elected them lawmakers.
first, last and always: always and most importantly
28. touch off: to cause to begin
29. a law withholding taxes on interest payments(p157, par7):(在收入中)预扣付息税法
30. have a long memory: never to forget
31. No 9-to –5 job: lobbying is not a regular working-hour (from 9am to 5 pm) job. Lobbyists have to work overtime.
32 . a two-way street: a street having two lanes for vehicles going in opposite directions (双行道); here means mutual action, relationship or benefit (互惠互利;有来有往). (ant. a one-way street)
33. It is a rare night…most of the tab.在华盛顿很少有一个晚上没有几个筹款的鸡尾酒会和其他活动,在这些筹款活动中,向现任国会议员的捐款者中,lobbyists占多数。当然,多数帐单是由客户付的。
筹款的方式多样,如在酒会上一张餐券实际只值20美元,却可卖1,000美元一张。从这里可以看出议员与lobbyists互为需要:一方要继续当官,要当官就要竞选,竞选需要钱,有钱才能当选。另一方要赚钱,要赚钱就要通过国会议员为他的事业而投票。因为客户委托的事办成了才能赚大钱。同时,他也必须让国会议员放心,他们这样做不会在下一次选举时落选,他会为他们的选举出钱出力的。
34. Push aside: to make yield place to sb else
35. Where lobbyists: here whereas, used to introduce a contrast
36. Watergate ─ In 1972 five burglar were caught in the Democratic headquarters in the Watergate hotel building in Washington, D.C., spying on behalf of certain members of Nixon reelection committee(尼克松竞选连任委员会). This political espionage scandal finally led to the resignation of President Richard Nixon in 1974.