An
etude (from the
French word
étude meaning "study") is a short
musical composition designed to provide practice in a particular technical skill in the performance of a solo instrument. For example,
Frédéric Chopin's etude Op. 25 No. 6 trains
pianists to play rapid parallel chromatic
thirds, Op. 25 No. 7 emphasizes the production of singing tone in a
polyphonic melody, and Op. 25 No. 10 covers parallel
octaves.
Source:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etude Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin (in French,
Frédéric François Chopin) (English:
IPA:
[ʃoʊpæn] or
[ʃoʊpæ̃]; French:
[fʁedeʁik fʁɑ̃swa ʃɔpɛ̃]), (
March 1 1810[1] –
October 17,
1849) was a Polish-French
pianist and
composer of the
Romantic era. He is widely regarded as one of the most famous, influential, admired and prolific composers for the piano.
He was born in the village of Żelazowa Wola, Poland, to a
Polish mother and
French expatriate father. Hailed as a child prodigy in his homeland, Chopin left for
Paris at the age of 20. In Paris, he made a career as a performer and teacher as well as a composer, and adopted the
French variant of his name, "Frédéric-François". He had a turbulent 10-year relationship with the French writer
George Sand (Baroness Dudevant) from 1837 to 1847. Always in fragile health, he succumbed to pulmonary tuberculosis
[2] at the age of 39.
Chopin wrote almost exclusively for the
piano, and published little music that did not involve it. His compositions are widely considered to be among the pinnacles of the piano's repertoire. Although his music is among the most technically demanding for the instrument, Chopin's style emphasizes poetry, nuance, and expressive depth rather than mere technical display. He invented some
musical forms, but his most significant innovations were within existing structures such as the
piano sonata,
waltz,
nocturne,
étude,
prelude,
ballade and
polonaise. His works are often cited as among the mainstays of
Romanticism in nineteenth-century classical music.
Source:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Chopin