一个朋友是欧洲大陆来英国打工的,他的一个客户(一个农场主)经常愤愤不平地和他念叨 “ 这些外来的移民们都是些好吃懒做投机取巧的家伙,他们来英国白白享受我们的高福利待遇 ”
第一,这种评论是典型的种族歧视
第二,该农场主意识当中的 ‘ 移民 ’ 实际上是难民。真正移民的概念其实既包括在他农场上为他工作的那些波兰人,也包括正和他聊天这个欧洲人。而显然这位农场主并没有意识到这一点,还好笑地抱怨这抱怨那,说他们交这么高的税都白搭给这些好吃懒做的移民了。这边儿欧洲老兄的脸儿都绿了:)事实上,大部分来英国的移民都是来辛勤劳动的打工者。以这位老兄的农场为例,如果没有这些波兰人提供的相对廉价的劳动力,那么他的生产成本只能更高,而物价也就更高。所以说移民的存在非但没有使英国人的生存环境恶化,相反的,到有助于他们物价的降低。至于纳税人的钱到底花在了谁身上,就免不了要说说这个懒,说实在的,我倒是觉得很多光吃社会福利的英国人才叫懒,还有一些努力生孩子还不知道(故意不知道好有资格吃福利)孩子他爸是谁的单亲妈妈借此大吃社会福利才叫懒,正是这些人的花了纳税人的钱。而移民通常是创造价值的纳税人啊。
第三,至少在这个例子里,种族歧视来源于无知,或者说盲目地仇视和人云亦云。
但是,即使主观上没有意识到,只要客观行为是一种歧视行为,那就是歧视。
越无知越盲目起哄般地歧视,因此受教育水平越低的人群里种族歧视和欺侮越厉害。这可能就是为什么 working class 的单亲妈妈 Jade Goody 在面对无论是社会地位还是相貌涵养她都无法与之匹敌的 Shilpa Shetty 时会如疯狗般乱咬,在无可攻击的时候对人家进行人身攻击(如,称 Shilpa 为 the Indian, Shilpa Poppadom )如救命稻草般拿人家的种族说事儿。
那么 Jade 到底歧视 Shilpa 了吗?老实讲,就凭 Jade 把里约热内卢当成电影明星,把 East Englia 当成外国这么有水平,恐怕种族歧视的真正含义她都未必清楚。可是她没有歧视 Shilpa 吗?她那些不堪入目的粗俗言行,对于印度贫民窟对于印度饮食习惯的浅显的嘲笑算是什么呢?
有的网友认为 Shilpa 无论哪方面都比 Jade 强,所以应该只有前者歧视后者的份儿,没有后者歧视前者的份儿。那么咱们想一下好多中国留学生都遭遇过的英国街头的 Teenager 的辱骂,尤其是针对 Chinese 的辱骂,这算不算歧视呢?要说留学生教育水平不比他们高,素质不比他们好呀?咋还轮到他们歧视咱们涅?所以说,种族歧视不在于谁比谁强,实际上种族歧视往往是素质差的一方的选择。因此尽管 Jade 处处刁难 Shilpa 是丑恶的嫉妒心作怪大于她对于某个民族的仇恨 / 歧视,但她采取了种族歧视的形式发泄自己的不满,那客观上她就是对印度人 Shilpa 进行了种族歧视。
我觉得,上面例子里的农场主也好, Jade Goody 也好,他们的言行某种程度上都对其他种族的人表现出了歧视,尽管他们谁都未必真正了解种族歧视的概念。但无知不等于无罪呀,更不能成为其逃避公众谴责的理由。谁也不能对人家歧视了,然后说我不知道这是歧视呀,然后得出结论 ‘ 所以我没种族歧视 ’ 。这好比说,一个小偷再怎么辩解他不知道偷窃是犯罪,他也还是有罪的,因为他偷了。
最后附一些资料:( Jade 歇斯底里的 F-word 大骂这里就不附了,感兴趣的人可以去 youtube 上面看)
SUNDAY 14 JANUARY
Shilpa Shetty: "Why do they hate me? Why am I detested? I feel like I'm losing my dignity.
"I'm the only one they are mean to, I don't know why, nobody is mean to anyone else except me. I'm scared to say anything else. They've pushed me to the brink."
WEDNESDAY 17 JANUARY
Goody: "I couldn't think of her surname. Why would I be talking to someone like that, I don't know what her surname is. What is it? Shilpa Cookamada, Shilpa whatever Rockamada, Shilpa Poppadom. It was like that, literally come out like that.
"There was no fault or no racial anything meant in any of those comments. It's not in me to be racial about somebody or to somebody because I wouldn't. It was just a tongue in cheek, Shilpa Poppadom."
BBC Saturday, 20 January 2007: The Mayor of London said he was "delighted" at last night's result which saw 25-year-old Jade Goody receive 82% of the public vote. In an interview on BBC Radio 4's Today programme, Mr Lilvingstone said: "I think everyone is delighted that we got the result we did last night. You can imagine the uproar there would have been in this country if, say, Keira Knightley had been being abused in a Big Brother house in India."
Mr Livingstone's race advisor, Lee Jasper, condemned Ms Goody's comments as racist.
"The whole denigration of Indian culture, the Indian community, the Indian way of cooking food I think leaves one with the inescapable conclusion that it was racist behaviour."