我为何公布南京条约英文版

我为何公布南京条约英文版 我在ddhw纵论天下发了<<台湾自古中国地后>>,有个化名泡泡熊的跟帖說:严格地说，古代“中国”是一个形容词，而不是一个专有名词。当然，历史上的“中国”不等于今天“中国”的范围。我国古代各个王朝都没有把“中国”作为正式国名。汉朝的国号是“汉”，唐朝的国号是“唐”，以后建立的王朝国号有宋、辽、金、元、明等，清政府与外国签订的条约上签署的国名是“大清”。 直到辛亥革命后，才把“中国”作为“中华民国”的简称。解放后，我们也把“中国”作为“中华人民共和国”的简称。现在，世界上只有一个“中国”，就是中华人民共和国。 我不清楚他的说法是自造还是抄來，就在我未复時，他于11/24网上公布了“南京条约”原文，供我参考,我看到文中有如下提法: 凡系大英国人，无论本国、属国军民等，今在中国所管辖各地方被禁者，大清大皇帝准即释放。　　九、凡系中国人，前在英人所据之邑居住者，或与英人有来往者，或有跟随及候候英国官人者，均由大皇帝俯降御旨，誉录天下，恩准全然免罪；且凡系中国人，为英国事被拿监禁受难者，亦加恩释放。　　十、英国货物自在某港按例纳税后，即准由中国商人遍运天下，而路所经过税关不得加重税例，只可按估价则例若干，每两加税不过分。　　十一、议定英国住中国之总管大员，与大清大臣无论京内、京外者，有文书来往，用照会字样；　　十二、俟奉大清大皇帝允准和约各条施行，并以此时准交之六百万员交清，大英水陆军士当即退出江宁、京口等处江面，并不再行拦阻中国各省商贾贸易。　　 1842年簽的条约，文中却使用中国和中国人的提法。在我指出后, 泡泡熊回复:”我也很奇怪，但是清朝正式的国名是“大清国”没错吧。”為揭开此类不懂装懂人的破绽,我才公布南京条约英文版,大家发现,文中多处用China. Chinese.至于為什么我后边有续文. 丧权辱国的南京条约全文（英文版）THE TREATY OF NANKINGNanking, August 29, 1842Peace Treaty between the Queen of Great Britain and the Emperor of China.This treaty between Britain and China ended the first opium war, fought between 1839 and 1842. The occasion for the war was the destruction in May 1839 by the Chinese emperor's 'drug tsar', Lin Zexu, of thousands of casks of Indian opium, without compensation, that were destined to be sold by the private British traders operating in Canton harbor to Chinese dealers in defiance of a ban placed on the illegal substance by theChinese government. Despite the ban, the British government supported the traders on the specious grounds that suppression of the drug was Chinaresponsibility only and that it should not proceed by an assault on the property (i.e., opium) of British subjects.The fighting, via sporadic land and naval battles, ended in complete victory for Britain which was thus in a position to impose the following onerous terms on China in relation to the opening of additional ports of trade and the elimination of barriers to the convenient conduct of a centuries old lawful trade. Note that no mention is made of opium which continued to be an illegal substance. Moreover, the drug trade could now continue without interruption as far as the traders were concerned for the treaty also ceded to Britain the offshore island of Hong Kong where the opium traders could thenceforth conduct their illegal operations.HER MAJESTY the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and His Majesty the Emperor ofChina, being desirous of putting an end to the misunderstandings and consequent hostilities which have arisen between the two countries, have resolved to conclude a Treaty for that purpose . . . . . . .Who, after having communicated to each other their respective Full Powers, and found them to be in good and due form, have agreed upon and concluded the following [selected] Articles:I.The Government ofChina having compelled the British merchants trading at Canton to deal exclusively with certain Chinese merchants, called Hong merchants (or Co-Hong), who had been licensed by the Chinese Government for that purpose, the Emperor of China agrees to abolish that practice in future at all ports where British merchants may reside, and to permit them to carry on their mercantile transactions with whatever persons they please; and His Imperial Majesty further agrees to pay to the British Government the sum of 3,000,000 of dollars, on account of debts due to British subjects by some of the said Hong merchants (or Co-Hong), who have become insolvent, and who owe very large sums of money to subjects of Her Britannic Majesty.There shall henceforward be peace and friendship between Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and His Majesty the Emperor of China and between their respective subjects, who shall enjoy full security and protection for their persons and property within the dominions of the other.II.His Majesty the Emperor of China agrees, that British subjects, with their families and establishments, shall be allowed to reside, for the purposes of carrying on their mercantile pursuits, without molestation or restraint, at the cities and towns of Canton, Amoy, Foochowfoo, Ningpo, and Shanghai; and Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain, &c., will appoint Superintendents, or Consular officers, to reside at each of the above-named cities or towns, to be the medium of communication between the Chinese authorities and the said merchants, and to see that the just duties and other dues of theChinese Government, as hereafter provided for, are duly discharged by Her Britannic Majesty's subjects.III.It being obviously necessary and desirable that British subjects should have some port whereat they may [maintain] and refit their ships when required, and keep stores for that purpose, His Majesty the Emperor of China cedes to Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain, &c., the Island of Hong-Kong, to be possessed in perpetuity by Her Britannic Majesty, her heirs and successors, and to be governed by such laws and regulations as Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain, &c., shall see fit to direct.IV.The Emperor of China agrees to pay the sum of 6,000,000 of dollars, as the value of the opium which was delivered up at Canton in the month of March, 1839, as a ransom for the lives of Her Britannic Majesty's Superintendent and subjects, who had been imprisoned and threatened with death by the Chinese High OfficersAnd it is further stipulated, that interest, at the rate of 5 per cent. per annum, shall be paid by the Government of China on any portion of the above sums that are not punctually discharged at the periods fixed.