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北欧-愛沙尼亞,波兰,挪威,行程安排(5)

(2009-11-13 18:20:59) 下一个

第五站,塔林 -- 愛沙尼亞 ,停留时间 6 小时。
塔林是爱沙尼亚的首都,也是波罗的海三国最大的海港城市,位于塔林湾,面积约192平方公里,人口40余万。公元十二世纪时塔林已见于史书纪载,中世纪时塔林是汉萨同盟一个重要商埠,市区三面环水,古城面积不大,街道纵横交错,教堂林立,尖塔高耸入云,『塔林』这名称,果然是名实相符。
下船可以直接走到旧城的Pikk街,大部份景点集中于Pikk和Lai两条大街上,包括教堂、博物馆、古旧建筑物等,
市政厅广场位于塔林市政厅的正前方,被用来作为集会场所已长达几个世纪,其历史甚至可以追溯到市政厅本身建造之前。在历史上这里也曾被当作各种典礼举办的场所甚至是刑场来使用。最突出的是建于1313年的市政厅,它是一座哥德式建筑物,尖塔高65公尺,广场四周还有许多著名建筑物,部份古老大屋已被改建为餐厅,例如市政厅后面的Olde Hansa。广场有多达8条街道由此伸展,向西南方向而行,小径转而向上,这里是城堡区,仍可见古城墙遗迹,
在山丘上有亚历山大教堂,建于1888年,是一座东正教教堂,可容纳1,500名信徒同时礼拜,它是爱沙尼亚首都塔林最大也是爱沙尼亚最大的教堂,属于俄罗斯东正教,位置在图姆皮城堡上方,穿过市府广场的集市,爬坡到达山顶的教堂,登八百多个台阶,可以到达教堂塔楼的顶端,塔林的全景和蓝色的芬兰湾一览无余。.根据资料史实记载,13世纪时塔林就有东正教存在,1710年爱沙尼亚并入俄罗斯版图,因此,更加速东正教在此地扎根茁壮。19世纪下半叶时俄国沙皇亚历山大3世选择在图姆皮山丘兴建一座爱沙尼亚最大的教堂,因有军事监视用途,选中居高临下的图姆皮山丘,所以,站在教堂的钟楼可以监看整个塔林城,兴建费用都来自俄罗斯,设计师也来自圣彼得堡艺术学院的建筑师,整个教堂在末代沙皇尼古拉2世时竣工,时间推估大约是1900年左右。教堂对面是邮政局,有各种纪念邮票出售。
姆比亚城堡及赫尔曼高塔是爱沙尼亚历史最为悠久和伟大的建筑群之一。
姆比亚城堡坐落在陡峭的50米海拔的石灰岩海岸上,离亚历山大教堂很近,它是强大统治权力的象征之一,历经数百年征服了许多不同种族的人民。如今,爱沙尼亚国会就设于这里。
赫尔曼高塔于14世纪末建在托姆比亚城堡的西南角。高塔名字的由来是从德国词“Lange Hermann”翻译而来的,它的意思是“高大的士兵”或者“首领”,即是传说中被众人所崇拜的英雄赫尔曼。这种类似的名字以前通常是给城堡中最有权力的人士使用。爱沙尼亚的国旗随风飘舞在48米高的塔尖上。
圣灵教堂是从14世纪以来唯一还保留着原型的神圣建筑。这座简单朴素的圣灵教堂除了它巴洛克式的尖顶以外,其余部分在13世纪60年代完成建造,其原有的中世纪外观保留至今。

Best Of Tallinn 船上的团, 89/ 人, 5 个小时。
WHAT YOU VISIT
Toompea Hill - Your guided walk of old Tallinn will begin at Toompea Hill, known as the Upper Old Town. The focal point will be Palace Square, named after the pink baroque Toompea Castle, home to the Estonian Parliament. On the southwest side of the castle stands the Pikk Hermann Tower, topped by the national flag of blue, black and white.
Alexander Nevsky Cathedral - Dominating Palace Square, this Russian Orthodox Cathedral is a strong testament to the influence of years under the rule of Russian Tsars. Its cupolas and golden crosses rise high above the rooftops of the Upper Old Town, contrasting with the needlelike copper spires of the Lower Old Town. You will have a chance to step inside this working cathedral to view the numerous golden icons and mosaics which line the walls.
Dome Church - Gothic St. Mary's Cathedral - simply called the "Dome Church" by the locals - is the city's oldest church and an architectural landmark that has played a prominent role in Tallinn's history. It has served as a burial site for the nobility since the 15th-century, and inside you will see elaborate sarcophagi and more than 60 medieval coats of arms.
Town Hall Square - Having retained its charming time-worn appearance, Town Hall Square is still a hub of activity with its many cafés, restaurants and shops. Dominated by the monumental Gothic Town Hall, this square has been the center of life in Tallinn's Lower Old Town since the 12th-century. Be sure to raise your eyes upward to the Hall's minaret-like tower, where "Old Thomas the Watchman," an ancient weather vane, has served as the city's sentinel since 1530. Across the square stands the Town Council Pharmacy which has occupied the site since 1422.
Holy Spirit Church - The sky blue clock on the outer wall of this 14th-century church is the oldest in Tallinn. Inside the church are 15th-century woodcarvings and an ancient wooden altar.

第六站, 格但斯克 -- 波兰。停留时间 9 小时。估计要跟团,马尔堡城堡比较麻烦。
格但斯克(但澤)坐落在波蘭北部波羅的海海邊,是維斯瓦河的入海口。格但斯克及周邊的兩個城市格丁尼亞和索波特合稱三聯城,格但斯克是三座城市中最古老的一個,建於公元 997 年,也是波蘭最古老的城市之一。
公元 14 世紀條頓騎士團佔據了格但斯克, 1454 年回到波蘭, 18 世紀末被普魯士佔領,第一次世界大戰以後,國聯宣佈格但斯克為自由市。 1939 年德國軍隊渡過波羅的海佔領格但斯克,打響第二次世界大戰的第一槍。 1945 年戰爭結束以後,格但斯克回歸波蘭。作爲歐洲北部古跡保護最出色的城市之一,格但斯克完整的保持了 18 世 紀中葉以來的城市概況。作爲最大的港口之一,古老的格但斯克一直保持著中世紀和現代的建築特色,而沒有像哥本哈根或漢堡一樣成爲現代化的工業城市。這就是格但斯克成爲北歐文化遺跡城市的原因。
波兰北部马尔堡城堡,这里曾经是十字军在波兰的驻扎地。整个城堡建筑以红砖为主,在城墙的各个部分、防御设施以及中央供暖设备等细节设计都采用了当时中世纪最先进的技术,是波兰哥特式城堡的杰出代表。马尔堡现已开辟为博物馆,其内部设有古代器具、琥珀、瓷器、手工艺品等展厅,大厅内还举办音乐会和骑士表演。
老市政廳、聖凱瑟琳大教堂,中心廣場的海王噴泉和波蘭最大的哥特式教堂 —— 聖母瑪利亞大教堂(同時也是歐洲最大的磚結構教堂)。從各但斯克港向北不遠的維斯特布拉德方尖塔,標誌著第二次世界大戰的正式開始,當時的納粹軍隊就是從這裡向波蘭發動進攻,打響了戰爭的第一槍
波兰海滨著名的三连城: 格但斯克的古城,包括高城门、金色城门、市政厅、格旦斯克的象征 - 海神喷泉、古老的起重机、以及世界上最大砖结构天主教教堂圣玛丽教堂,圣玛丽教堂 - 格但斯克的骄傲,这哥特式教堂是世界上最大的砖教堂和可容纳约 25000 人。内部配备 30 座小教堂,一个精心祭坛,一个古老的墓碑石楼,以及 15 世纪的天文钟 。

Malbork Castle & Gdansk City Tour ,时间 8.5 小时。 89/ 人
WHAT YOU VISI
Malbork Castle - Located on the Nogat River, construction on this, one of Poland's oldest surviving castles, began in 1274. Built by the Order of Teutonic Knights, the fortress boasts massive brick walls, towers, dungeons and a host of architectural details. Your guided tour includes the castle complex and its exhibition halls with their collections of ceramics, sculptures and Baltic amber.
Gdansk Main Town - Your guided walk begins near Golden Gate, an ornamental arch that allowed access through the medieval city's walls. Walk along Long Street, passing Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque buildings to the Town Hall, Long Market and
St. Mary's Church - The pride of Gdansk, this Gothic church is the largest brick church in the world and can accommodate some 25,000 worshippers. The interior boasts 30 chapels, an elaborate altarpiece, a stone floor with ancient tombstones, and a 15th-century astronomical clock in the north transept complete with zodiac, and a calendar of saints.

第七站,奥斯库,挪威。停留时间7 小时,须再多的作业,或者跟团,
偉格蘭公園,欣賞雕刻家偉格蘭四十年作品,深刻地表達年華歲月及人生百態,展示生命中循環不已的愛和希望。著名的維京船博物館及Konini博物館,收藏橫渡太平洋的大筏及大西洋的蘆草船Rall,航海家的探險奇蹟印證歷史遺跡。

Viking Museum & Oslo Highlights  ,3.5小时,85/人
A narrated drive explores Oslo's scenic highlights and visits the Viking Museum. The museum's three Viking longboats were unearthed near Oslofjord and date to the 8th and 9th centuries. View Gustav Vigeland's stone, iron and bronze statues on a guided walk. Then view the cradle of Olympic ski jumping at Holmenkollen.
WHAT YOU VISIT
Viking Ship Museum - The museum is home to three Viking long boats uncovered during 19th-century, and early 20th-century excavations near Oslofjord. In addition to the superbly crafted ships, the museum exhibits sleds, jewelry and other artifacts found aboard the vessels.

Vigeland Sculpture Park - Once considered controversial, the park is now one of Oslo's favorite attractions. Your guided walk visits the stone, iron and bronze sculptures of Gustav Vigeland. The sculptures depict a complete human life from birth to death. After your walk, a brief period of free time is allowed to explore the park on your own.

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