GlycemicTargets
Considerrisk-benefitassessment,includinghypoglycemiarisk,whenindividualizingtargets*
A1C:0-6yrs6-12yrs13-19yrs
A1C[
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ScreeningforType2DiabetesandPrediabetes
Considerforallchildrenwhoareoverweight*andhave≥2ofanyofthefollowingriskfactors:
•Familyhistoryoftype2diabetesinfirst-orsecond-degreerelative
•Race/ethnicity†
•Signsofinsulinresistanceorconditionsassociatedwithinsulinresistance‡
•MaternalhistoryofdiabetesorGDMduringchild’sgestation
Begintestingatage10...[
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Screening
•AnnuallyusingOGTT
•Beginbyage10inpatientswithcysticfibrosiswhodonothaveCFRD
•A1Cnotrecommendedasscreeningtest
Diagnosis
Useusualglucosecriteriaduringperiodofstablehealth
Treatment
Useinsulintoachieveindividualizedglycemictargets
Monitoringfordiabetescomplications
Annually;start5yrspost-CFRDdiagnosis
CFRD=cysticfibrosis-relateddiabete...[
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Olderadultswhoare
•Functional
•Cognitivelyintact
•Expectedtolivelongenoughtoreapbenefits
Sametreatmentgoalsasyoungeradults
Glycemictargets:mayberelaxedforsomeolderadultsbasedonindividualcriteria
•Avoidhyperglycemiccomplications
TreatCVriskfactorsconsidering
•Timeframeofbenefit,individualpatientcharacteristics
•Hypertensiontreatmentindicatedinm...[
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Reasonabletoincludepsychologicalandsocialassessmentsofpatientaspartofdiabetesmanagement
Psychosocialscreeningandfollow-upmayinclude:
•Attitudesaboutdiabetes
•Expectationsformedicalmanagementandoutcomes
•Mood
•Qualityoflife
•Financial,social,emotionalresources
•Psychiatrichistory
Screenonroutinebasisfordepressionanddiabetes-relateddistress,anxiety,eat...[
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Influenzavaccine
Annuallyinallpatientswithdiabetesaged≥6mos
Pneumococcalpolysaccharidevaccine
•Allpatientswithdiabetesaged≥2yrs
•Aged>65yrs:one-timerevaccinationifvaccineadministered>5yrsprior
•Repeatvaccinationforthosewithnephroticsyndrome,chronicrenaldisease,otherimmunocompromisedstates
HepatitisBvaccine
•Unvaccinatedadultswithdiabetesaged19-59yrs...[
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http://umm.edu/health/medical/reports/articles/ovarian-cancer[
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Canosteoporosismedicationcauseparadoxicalfracture?
http://www.askdoctork.com/can-osteoporosis-drugs-cause-fractures-201208062436
[
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Part1of6:Overview
WhatisHypogonadism?
Hypogonadismoccurswhenyoursexglandsproducelittleornosexhormones.Thesexglands,alsocalledgonads,arethetestesinmenandtheovariesinwomen.Sexhormoneshelpcontrolsexcharacteristics,suchasbreastandtesticledevelopment,andpubichairgrowth.Sexhormonesalsoplayaroleinmenstrualcyclesandspermproduction.
Hypogonadismmayalsobecalledgonaddeficiency.Inmales,itmaybecalledlows...[
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对日本,我们要平静而客观:我们的心态决定我们的未来。
地理距离上,我们离日本很近。但在内心,却无限遥远。
虽然你在日本的大街上可以看懂很多汉字,但你根本听不懂日本人在讲什么,他也听不懂你讲什么,所以我们交流还得用英文,一个中国人和一个日本人在日本土地上讲英文,就像鸡同鸭讲,很滑稽的一个场面。
为什么中日民众的心理具体比美国还要遥远?[
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