F.WildernessJourney(15:22-18:27)AftertheescapefromEgypt,MosesledtheIsraelitestowardtheburningbushlocalesothattheytoocouldmeetYahweh.MovingonfromtheshoreoftheReedSea,theytraveledtowardMountSinaiwhereYahwehwouldmakeacovenantwiththem.AlongthewaytheyhadnumerousdifficultiesthattriedMoses'leadershipabilityandpatience,andtestedthefaithofthepeople.ThesetroublesalsoservedtotesttheresourcefulnessofGodandtor...[
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3.JPriestlyExodusAccount13:21-14:421AndYHWHwasgoingaheadofthembydayinapillarofcloudtoleadthemintherightdirection,andatnightbyapillaroffiretoilluminethem,sotheycouldtraveldayandnight.22Thepillarofclouddidnotdisappearduringtheday,northepillaroffireatnight.14:1AndYHWHspoketoMoses,2"TellthesonsofIsraeltoreturnandencampinfrontofPi-hahirot,betweenMigdalandthesea,infrontofBaal-zephon;youshallcampfacingit...[
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Table3.IElohistExodusAccount13:17-1913:17WhenPharaohsentthepeopleaway,ElohimdidnotleadthembywayofthePhilistine'sland,thoughthatwasnear.ForElohimsaid,"Thepeoplemightchangetheirmindwhentheymeetopposition,andreturntoEgypt."18SoElohimbroughtthepeoplearoundviathewildernessRedSearoute.ThesonsofIsraelwentupfromthelandofEgyptinbattleformation.19MosestookthebonesofJosephwithhim.HehadmadetheIsraelitesswear,...[
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Table3.HYahwistExodusAccount14:5-75WhenthekingofEgyptwastoldthatthepeoplehadescaped,Pharaohandhisofficialschangedtheirmindsconcerningthepeople.Theysaid,"Whathavewedone,lettingIsraelabandonourwork?"6Sohegothischariotreadyandtookhisarmywithhim:7sixhundredelitechariotsandalltheotherchariotsofEgyptwithofficerscommandingallofthem.14:9a9TheEgyptianspursuedthem,allPharaoh'shorsesandchariots,hischarioteer...[
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Figure3.4TheRouteoftheExodus.[
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E.ExodusfromEgypt(13:17-15:21)AfterleavingEgypttheIsraelitesfledintotheSinaipeninsula(seeFigure3.1).Pharaohhadsecondthoughtsaboutallowingthemtodepartsohemusteredhischariotryandgavechase.TheIsraelitestookajaggedroute,avoidingthemainroadcontrolledbyEgyptiantroopsbeforeheadingsouthintothewilderness.Figure3.4TheRouteoftheExodus.SeeBeit-Arieh(1988)andKrahmalkov(1994)forevidencerelatingtotherouteoftheex...[
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D.Passover(12:1-13:16)TheIsraelitesavoidedthedevastatingtenthplaguebecauseeachfamilyslaughteredalambasasubstituteforitsfirstborn.Theypaintedbloodfromthelambonthedoorframesoftheirhomes,andwhenGodsawthisevidenceofthesacrificeonahouse,he"passedover"thathouse,sparingthefirstbornson.BeginningwiththeexodusGodlaidclaimtoallfirstbornsons,andprovidedfortheirredemption,orbuyingback,withasubstitutionarysacri...[
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Table3.GPharaoh'sHardHeartTheplaguesnarrativeisdrivenforwardbyPharaoh'sstubbornness,referredtoconsistentlyashishardheart.Thenarrativevariesamongthreenotionsofagency:GodhardensPharaoh'sheart,Pharaohhardenshisownheart,andthepassivethatsimplystateshisheartwashardenedwithoutspecifyingagency.ExaminetheevidenceandtrytodeterminewhetherornotthereisanypatterntoPharaoh'shardheartedness.ForfurtherstudyofPhar...[
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Table3.FYahwistandPriestlyVersionsofthePlaguesTheYahwistnarrativesuppliedeightplagues.TheplaguesofgnatsandboilswereaddedtotheoriginalseriesbythePriestlyeditorwhowasresponsibleforthefinaledition.Priestlyadditionsaremarkedinpurple.YahwistCompletedPriestlyEdition1.Watertoblood7:14-18,20b-21a1.Watertoblood7:19-20a,21b-222.Frogs7:25,8:1-4,8-152.Frogs8:5-73.Gnats8:16-193.Flies8:20-324.Flies(J)4.Cattlepl...[
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Table3.ELiteraryStructureofthePlaguesNarrativeSeriesPlagueExodusForewarningTimeInstructionAgentHardeningSign7:1-13"SaytoAaron,Takeyourrod"Aaron"Pharaoh'sheartwashardened"First1.Niletoblood7:14-24yesmorning"GotoPharaohinthemorning"Aaron"Pharaoh'sheartwashardened"2.Frogs7:25-8:15yes"GointoPharaoh"Aaron"Pharaohhardenedhisheart"3.Gnats8:16-19"SaytoAaron,Stretchyourrod"Aaron"Pharaoh'sheartwashardened"S...[
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