3.LawCollectionsfromMesopotamiaManyancientMiddleEasterncitieshaveyieldeddocumentsthroughtheworkofarchaeologists.Atleastsevenlawcodeshavebeenfound.TheearliestoneistheSumerianCodeofUr-Nammu,datingtothetwenty-secondcenturyB.C.E.OthersincludetheCodeofLipit-Ishtar,theCodeofEshnunna,MiddleAssyrianlaws,Hittitelaws,andNeo-Babylonianlaws(seePritchard1969:159-98).Thus,thelegaltraditionsofIsraelstandwithinaw...[
阅读全文]
Table3.TBookoftheCovenantSummaryIntroduction20:18-21Lawofthealtar20:22-26Lawsdealingwithpersons21:1-32Lawsdealingwithproperty21:33-22:17Othersocialandculticlaws22:18-23:9Culticcalendar23:10-19Conclusion23:20-33[
阅读全文]
2.TheBookoftheCovenant(20:18-23:33)TheBookoftheCovenant(Exodus20:22-23:19),alsocalledtheCovenantCode,istheearliestbiblicalcollectionofcovenantlaws.Probablygoingbacktopremonarchictraditions,itseemstohavebeenanindependentcollectionpredatingtheElohist,butpreservedbytheElohist.Theobservationthatthesettingofthislawcodereflectsalivestockeconomyratherthanasettledagriculturalorurbanizedeconomysupportsapre...[
阅读全文]

1.EthicalDecalogue(20:1-17)GoddevisedasetoftenbasicmoralmandatesthatdefinedtherelationshipofIsraelwithYahwehandpeoplewithoneother.TheyweredeliveredtotheIsraelitesthroughMoses.CommonlyreferredtoastheTenCommandments("tenwords"inDeuteronomy4:13),theyaretheEthicalDecalogueofreligiousandmoralcommands.ThecorestipulationsappeartocomefromtheElohist,withelaborationtosomeofthethemcomingfromlaterPriestlyaddi...[
阅读全文]
B.LawandCovenant(20-24)AlthoughtheElohistsourcecontainedsomeoftheancestralmaterialofthebookofGenesis,theheartoftheElohistsourceistheexodusfromEgyptandthelawgivingonthemountain.TheElohistcontainsoneofthefullestrecordsofthenatureofthecovenantrelationshipGodestablishedwithhispeople.ElohistCovenantTradition.CovenanttraditionswerestrongerinthenorthernterritoriesofIsraelthaninJudahtothesouth.Thecovenant...[
阅读全文]
A.TheophanyontheMountain(19)MosesbroughttheIsraelitestothemountaininthewildernesswhereearlierhehadmetGod.ThisveryimportantchaptermarksthemomenttheIsraelitesarrivedatMountSinai.TheywitnessedGod'sappearingonthemountaininthetypicalsymbolicformsofthestorm,includingdarkcloud,thunder,andlightning.ThroughMosesGodrevealedwhatIsraelwouldbecomeifonlytheykepttheirsideofthecovenant.
UponarrivalGodfirstmet...[
阅读全文]
Table3.PGivingoftheLaw:PriestlySource19:1-2a1OnthethirdnewmoonafterthepeopleofIsraelhadgoneforthoutofthelandofEgypt,onthatdaytheycameintothewildernessofSinai.2AndwhentheysetoutfromRephidimandcameintothewildernessofSinai,theyencampedinthewilderness;24:15b-18aandthecloudcoveredthemountain.16ThegloryoftheLORDsettledonMountSinai,andthecloudcovereditsixdays;andontheseventhdayhecalledtoMosesoutofthemids...[
阅读全文]
Table3.OGivingoftheLaw:ElohistSource19:2b-9aAndthereIsraelencampedbeforethemountain.3AndMoseswentuptoGod,andtheLORDcalledtohimoutofthemountain,saying,"ThusyoushallsaytothehouseofJacob,andtellthepeopleofIsrael:4YouhaveseenwhatIdidtotheEgyptians,andhowIboreyouoneagles'wingsandbroughtyoutomyself.5Nowtherefore,ifyouwillobeymyvoiceandkeepmycovenant,youshallbemyownpossessionamongallpeoples;foralltheeart...[
阅读全文]
Table3.NGivingoftheLaw:YahwistSource19:9b-16aThenMosestoldthewordsofthepeopletotheLORD.10AndtheLORDsaidtoMoses,"Gotothepeopleandconsecratethemtodayandtomorrow,andletthemwashtheirgarments,11andbereadybythethirdday;foronthethirddaytheLORDwillcomedownuponMountSinaiinthesightofallthepeople.12Andyoushallsetboundsforthepeopleroundabout,saying,'Takeheedthatyoudonotgoupintothemountainortouchtheborderofit;...[
阅读全文]
2.Sinai:CovenantTraditions(19-40)MountSinaiisthegeographicalsettingofthesecondhalfofExodus,aswellastheentirebookofLeviticusandaportionofNumbers.AtMountSinaitheHebrewsreceivedthedefinitiverevelationofcovenantfromYahweh.ThecovenanttraditionsinExoduslayoutcrucialdimensionsoftherelationshipbetweenYahwehandIsrael.AllthreePentateuchalsourcescontributecomponentsoflawgivinginthebookofExodus.Toviewthesourc...[
阅读全文]