E.Tabernacle(25-31,35-40)ThecovenantestablishedwithIsraelfromMountSinaiwasfoundational.AndforthePriestlywriter,themostimportantaspectoftheMountSinaiexperiencewasreceivingthegiftofthetabernacle,aportabletentshrinethatservedasGod'splaceofresidenceamonghispeoplethroughouttheirwildernesstravelsandonintothePromisedLand.ThePriestlysourceinExodusdevotestwoextendedpassagestothetabernaclebecausethemainduty...[
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Moses,byMichelangelo(1475-1564)Thephrase"skinofMoses'faceshown"wasmisunderstoodintheLatintranslationoftheHebrewBiblewhereitrenderedshownas"horns,"influencing,forexample,Michelangelo'ssculptureofMoses,whichplaceshornsonhisforehead.St.Peter'sinVincoli,Rome--PhotobyBarryBandstra[
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2.CovenantRemaking(34)HavingdestroyedthefirstcopyofthecovenanttabletsMoseswasinstructedtoascendMountSinaiandreceiveanothercopy.However,theconditionsofthisversionofthecovenantdifferfromthemorefamousonesofExodus20.Whilestillcontainingtencommandments,Exodus34consistsoflawsrelatedtoworshippracticesandiscalledtheRitualDecalogue.Variousschemeshavebeendevisedtocomeupwiththeexacttensuggestedby34:28.Thisis...[
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TheAdorationoftheGoldenCalf,byNicolasPoussin(1594-1665)Artchive[
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1.GoldenCalf(32-33)MosesspentalongertimeonthemountainreceivingthecovenantfromGodthanthepeoplehadexpected.ThinkingthattheyhadlostMosesandthustheircontactwiththedeity,theydemandedthatAaronthehighpriestprovideasubstitute.Respondingtotheirurging,Aaronsolicitedgiftsfromthepeopleandproceededtomakeagoldencalf.CanaaniteReligion.Bulls,cows,andcalveswerereligiousobjectsintheancientMiddleEast.InCanaanthehigh...[
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D.CovenantBreakingandRemaking(32-34)Thesectionbetweenchapter24(covenantconfirmation)andchapter32(covenantbreaking)isacollectionofPriestlydocumentationonthetabernacle,theark,andthepriesthood(seebelow).WhenthenarrationofeventsresumesfollowingthisinterludewecometothedramaticandsadaffairofIsrael'sworshippinganidol.ThisepisodedemonstratesthatalmostimmediatelyafterthecovenantwasratifiedtheIsraeliteswere...[
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Table3.VMosesUpandDowntheMountainUpDown19:319:719:8b19:1419:2019:2524:1,9,15,1832:1534:434:29[
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Table3.UScribingtheCovenant24:4,7BookoftheCovenantMoseswrote24:12bTabletsofstoneGodwrote31:18TwotabletsofthecovenantWrittenwiththefingerofGod32:15-16TwotabletsofthecovenantThewritingofGod34:27-29TwotabletsMoseswrote[
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C.CovenantConfirmation(24:1-15)Afterthecontentofthecovenanthadbeenrevealed,thecovenantrelationshipwasceremoniallyinitiated.Chapter24containstwodifferenttraditionsrelatingtothecovenantratificationceremony.Inthefirsttradition,onlyrepresentativesofthepeopleapproachGod.1AndhesaidtoMoses,"ComeuptoYHWH,youandAaron,NadabandAbihu,andtheseventyeldersofIsrael,andworshipatadistance.2Mosesaloneshallcomenearto...[
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Figure3.5HammurabiMonumentTheCodeofHammurabicontains282lawschiseledontoapillarofbasaltrock.TheupperregisterisapictureofHammurabikneelinginprayerbeforethesungodShamash,thepatrongodofjustice.ThebottomregistercontainstheCodeofHammurabiincuneiform.Thisstandingstonewasamonumenttojusticeanddidnotfirstofallfunctionasareferencemanualfortheuseofjudgesatcourt,butgavepublictestimonytothecharacterofHammu...[
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