2.God'sCovenantwithNoah(9:1-17)BothYahwistandPriestlywritersrecordGodmakingapledgeofcommitmenttoNoah.Theversioninchapter9takestheformofacovenant.Covenantsintheancientworldwereformalizedrelationshipsregulatedbytermsandconditions.ThisisthefirstexplicitactofcovenantintheHebrewBible,andforthatreasonitishighlysignificant.Infact,thetermcovenantisusedatotalofseventimesinthisepisode.Throughthisactofrelati...[
阅读全文]
1.ReturnofEarthandLife(8)Thetragedyofthefloodwasreversedwhen"ElohimrememberedNoah"(8:1).Godhadawindblowovertheearthsothatthewaterswouldbegintorecede,similartoGod'swindblowingoverthedeepsinGenesis1:2.EventuallythearkcametorestononeofthepeaksoftheAraratmountainrange,calledUrartuinMesopotamiansources.Noahfirstsentaravenoutthewindowoftheboatandthenadovethreetimestoseeiftherewasanydryland.Thefirsttimet...[
阅读全文]
A.Re-Creation(8-9)Thedevastationofthefloodeliminatedalllifefromtheearth.Wearetoldthatthewatersroseevenhigherthanthehighestpeak,essentiallyremovingtheearthitself.Thenarrativeineffecttakesusbacktothepre-creationstateoftheworld,anditwouldhavebeenatotallyformless,wateryvoidexceptforthepreservationofNoahandthosewithhimintheboat.
TheremakingphaseofthePrimevalStoryestablishesimportantthematicpoints.N...[
阅读全文]
2.Re-CreationtoAbram(8-11)ThesecondhalfofthePrimevalStoryparallelsthefirsthalfinitsbroaddevelopmentsanddetails.NoahpatternsafterAdaminoverseeingtheearthcomingtolife.Bothreceivethedivineinjunctionto"befruitful,multiply,andfilltheearth."Bothalsowereimplicatedinwrongdoing,thoughcuriously,toadegreepassively:AdamfollowedEve'sinitiativeandNoah'sstuporbecametheoccasionforHam'sindiscretion.Inbothphasesthe...[
阅读全文]

Figure1.FFloodTabletTheeleventhtabletoftheGilgameshEpiccontainsanaccountofanancientMesopotamianflood,asubplotwithinthelargertaleofGilgamesh.SeventhcenturyB.C.E.London,BritismMuseum--Rogers(1912)Plate11[
阅读全文]
TheGilgameshEpicTheGilgameshEpicwasawidelyknownandoftencopiedepicaboutGilgamesh,thekingofUruk.Oneepisodeofthislengthyepiccontainsanaccountofaflood.Afterlosinghisbestfriendandtherebyconfrontingtheissueofhumanmortality,GilgameshwenttoUtnapishtimtolearnthesecretofeternallife.Utnapishtimwasapre-floodherowhosurvivedthefloodandwasgrantedeternallifebythegods.ThefollowingisUtnapishtim'srecollectionofwhatt...[
阅读全文]
DelugeTabletTheheroisZiusudra,thecounterpartofthebiblicalNoah.Ziusudraheardthedecisionofthedivinecounciltodestroyhumanity.Hewasabletosurvivethefloodbybuildingaboat.Thementionofthegreatwaters,theboat,andthewindowontheboatallhavebiblicalparallels.Allthewindstorms,exceedinglypowerful,attackedasone,
Atthesametime,thefloodsweepsoverthecult-centers.
After,forsevendays(and)sevennights,
Theflo...[
阅读全文]
3.MesopotamianFloodStoriesAswiththecreationstories,therearenotableancientMiddleEasterntalesofafloodthat,insomecases,displaycloseparallelstothebiblicalaccount.IntheDelugeTablet,Ziusudrasurvivedafloodsentbythegodsbybuildingaboat.IntheGilgameshEpic,Utnapishtimsurvivedafloodandwasgrantedeternallife.TheAtrahasisEpicalsohasafloodcomponent(seeabove).[
阅读全文]
2.UndoingCreation(6:14-7:24)Noahwasgiveninstructionsforconstructingawaterproofvesselinwhichtohousehisimmediatefamily,alongwithasampleofanimallife.Aftertheyenteredthearkthespringsofthedeepburstopenandthefloodgatesofheavenbrokewide.Thisisthereverseoftheseparationofthewatersinchapter1.Thefloodroseovertheearthkillingeverythingthatwasnotintheark.
Thewatersrosesohightheycoveredeventheloftiestmountai...[
阅读全文]
1.ProloguetotheFlood(6:5-13)TheimmediatelyprecedingYahwiststoryofthesonsofGodandthedaughtersofmeninGenesis6:1-4providesthepremierinstanceofmoralerosion.Followingthisepisode,bothYahwistandPriestlywritersanalyzethestateoftheworldandwhyGoddecidedto"uncreate"it.YahwistversionPriestlyVersionThesetwoversionsarenotcontradictory;theyjustusedifferentvocabularytogetthepointacross.IntheYahwistversion,humanit...[
阅读全文]