LibraryofCongressMaterialsRelatingtotheWorldoftheScrollsTheOriginoftheScrollsandtheQumranSiteIn"TheDeadSeaScrolls:ANewPerspective,"ProfessorNormanGolboftheOrientalInstituteattheUniversityofChicagopresentsevidencetosupporthisviewthattheDeadSeaScrollsdonotderivefromasectthatcopiedorwrotethemanuscriptsthatwerefoundinthenearbycaves.AccordingtoProfessorGolb,thereisnopersuasiveevidencetosupportthecommon...[
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TheWorldoftheScrollsIn1947,youngBedouinshepherds,searchingforastraygoatintheJudeanDesert,enteredalong-untouchedcaveandfoundjarsfilledwithancientscrolls.ThatinitialdiscoverybytheBedouinsyieldedsevenscrollsandbeganasearchthatlastednearlyadecadeandeventuallyproducedthousandsofscrollfragmentsfromelevencaves.Duringthosesameyears,archaeologistssearchingforahabitationclosetothecavesthatmighthelpidentifyt...[
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AnExhibitattheLibraryofCongress,Washington,DCTheexhibitionScrollsFromtheDeadSea:TheAncientLibraryofQumranandModernScholarshipbringsbeforetheAmericanpeopleaselectionfromthescrollswhichhavebeenthesubjectofintensepublicinterest.Overtheyearsquestionshavebeenraisedaboutthescrolls'authenticity,aboutthepeoplewhohidthemaway,abouttheperiodinwhichtheylived,aboutthesecretsthescrollsreveal,andabouttheint...[
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DavidbyDonatello[
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D.DivineNamesThetreatmentofthedivinenameinEnglishtranslationsoftheHebrewBibleandinthistextbookneedstobeexplained.TheGodofIsraelwasreferredtoinvariousways.SometimesGodwasjust"God,"orelohiminHebrew.Whenyousee"God"inthetext,thistypicallytranslatesElohim.OthertimesGodisreferredtobyhispersonalname,YHWH.ItisrenderedYahwehinsomeversions,andtheLORDinothers.Theletters"ORD"inLORDareinsmaller-sizedcapitallet...[
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FertileCrescent.ThetermwaspopularizedbytheAmericanOrientalistJamesHenryBreasted(1865-1935).[
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Figure2PalestineRoadsandRegions.Israel'shistorywasinpartshapedbygeography.ThismapshowsthemajorroadsandgeographicalregionsofPalestine.[
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C.LandThetermsthatapplytotheterritoryofIsrael'sexistencearevaried.ThenameCanaanoccursinMesopotamian,Egyptian,andPhoenicianwritingsbeginningaroundthefifteenthcenturyB.C.E.aswellasintheBible.ItreferssometimestoanareaencompassingallofPalestineandSyria,andsometimesincludestheentirelandwestoftheJordanRiver.ThetermmayderivefromaSemiticwordmeaning"reddishpurple,"referringeithertotherichdyeproducedinthear...[
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B.PeopleItisimportanttousetermsappropriatelywhenreferringtobiblicalpeople.BeforeIsraelbecameanationitsancestorswouldnothavebeencalledIsraelites.Properlyspeaking,theancestorswereHebrew.ThetermIsraeliteshouldbereservedforthepeopleofGodfromthetimeofMosesuntilthetimeoftheexile.ThetermJewshouldbereservedforthedescendantsoftheIsraelitesbeginningwiththeperiodaftertheBabylonianexileofthesixthcenturyB.C.E....[
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Table2ArchaeologicalPeriodsPre-PotteryNeolithicA8500-7500B.C.E.Pre-PotteryNeolithicB7500-6000B.C.E.PotteryNeolithicA6000-5000B.C.E.PotteryNeolithicB5000-4300B.C.E.Chalcolithic4300-3300B.C.E.EarlyBronzeI3300-3050B.C.E.EarlyBronzeII-III3050-2300B.C.E.EarlyBronzeIV/MiddleBronzeI2300-2000B.C.E.MiddleBronzeIIA2000-1800/1750B.C.E.MiddleBronzeIIB-C1800/1750-1550B.C.E.LateBronzeI1550-1400B.C.E.LateBronzeI...[
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